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Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue
34
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/17/2011

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Cards

Term
Three parts to nervous tissue
Definition
Spinal cord, brain and nerves
Term
Functions of the nervous system
Definition
-detect changes in the internal/external environment
-evaluate information
-initiate changes in muscular glands
Term
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Definition
Brain and spinal cord
Term
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Definition
Outer regions of the nervous tissue

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, central fibers, peripheral fibers
Term
Cranial nerves
Definition
originates in the brain
(PNS)
Term
Spinal nerves
Definition
Originates from the spinal cord
(PNS)
Term
Central fibers
Definition
Extend from the cell body TOWARDS the CNS
(PNS)
Term
Periphrial fibers
Definition
Extend from the cell body AWAY from the CNS
(PNS)
Term
Afferent division
Definition

Incoming information

Sensory

 

(Afferent/Efferent)

Term
Efferent division
Definition
Outgoing information (motor)
Term
Somatic Nervous Sytem (SNS)
Definition

Somatic sensory division (afferent)

Somatic sensory division (efferent)

 

 

(type of nervous system)

Term
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Definition

Carry info to the autonomic or visceral effectors (smooth and cardiac muscles and glands)

 

(Nervous system)

Term
Cells of the nervous system
Definition
Neurons: Excitable cells that conduct information
Glia: "glue"
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
-Nervous tissue cell
-Star-shaped, largest, most numerous
-Cell extensions connect neurons and capillaries
-Transfers nutrients from the blood to the neuron
-Help forms the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
Term
Blood-Brain Barrier
Definition
Helps maintain stable environment for normal brain fuction

Regulates passage of ions

Water, Oxygen, CO2, Glucose and alcohol pass freely

Important for drug research (Parkinsons)
Term
Microglia
Definition
-Nervous Tissue cell
-Engulf and destroy cellular debris (phagocytosis)
-Enlarge during times of inflammation and degeneration
Term
Ependymal cells
Definition
-Nervous Tissue cell
-Similar to epithelial cells
-Forms thing sheets and line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain and spinal cord
-Some cells help produce the fluid that fills these cavities (Cerebral Spinal Fluid -- CSF)
-Cilia may be present to circulate fluid
Term
Oligodenrocytes
Definition
-Nervous Tissue cell
-Hold nerve fibers together
-Produce *myelin sheaths* in CNS
-Related to Multiple Sclerosis
Term
Schwann Cells
Definition
-Nervous Tissue cell
-Only in the PNS
Support nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths
Term
Satellite cells
Definition
-Nervous Tissue cell
-Sype of Schwann cell that covers a neuron's cell body
Term
Neurons
Definition
Cell body (soma)
Axon
Dendrites
Term
Nissl Bodies
Definition
-Part of neuron
-Part of Rough ER
-Contain proteins for nerve signal transmission & generation
Term
Dendrites
Definition
-Recieve information
-Branch out from the soma
-Receptors
-Contract impulse toward the soma
Term
Axon
Definition
-Information sent away
-Branch out from soma at axon hillock
Term
Meylin Sheaths
Definition
-Areas of insulation produced by Schwann cells
-Increases speed of nerve impulse
Term
White matter
Definition
Myelinated
Term
Gray matter
Definition
Unmyelinated
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Breaks in myelin sheath between Schwann cells
Term
Synapse
Definition
Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector
Term
Multipolar Neuron
Definition
-One axon, several dendrites
-Most numerous
Term
Bipolar
Definition
-One axon, one dendrite
-Least numerous
-Retina, inner ear, olfactory pathway
Term
Unipolar
Definition
-Axon is a single process that branches into a central process (toward CNS) and a peripheral protein (toward PNS)
-Dendrites at distal end of peripheral process
-ALWAYS sensory
Term
Nerve
Definition
Bundles of parallel neurons held together by fibrous CT in the PNS
Term
Tracts
Definition
Bundles of parallel neurons in the CNS
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