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Nervous Tissue
Chapter 9
45
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/14/2008

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Cards

Term

SAME

DAVE

Definition

S - Sensory

A - Afferent

M - Motor

E - Efferent

 

D-Dorsal

A- Afferent

V- Ventral

E-Efferent

Term
What are the two divisions of the Sensory Afferent Division?
Definition

Somatic - aware of this

Visceral - Not aware

 

 

 

Term

What are the two Divisions of the Nervous System?

 

Definition

Sensory Afferent

Motor Efferent

 

Term
What are the two Divisons of the Sensory Affernt NS?
Definition

Somatic Sensory

  • Skin, Facia, joints, Skeletal Mus, Special Senses

Visceral Sensory

  • Information from vicera (organs)
Term

What are the divisions of the Motor Efferent Nervous System?

Definition

Somatic Motor

  • Voluntary  
  • Skeletal Muscle

Autonomic

  • Involuntary
  • Cardiac Muscle
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Glands

 

 

 

Term
What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Motor Nervous System?
Definition

Sympathetic

  • Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic

      Rest and Digest

 

 

 

 

Term

Neurons

Definition
Excitable cells that transport nerve impulses
Term
Glial Cells
Definition
Cells that assist in neuron function
Term
Name 3 Neuron Characteristics
Definition

High Metabolic Rate

    Need Constant O2 and Glucose

Longevitiy

    Live and function for over 100 years

Nonmitotic

    During Fetal Development they lose their abilit

    to divide.

Term

Name and identify the 7 parts of Neuron

Two of these have two names - what is the second name?

Definition
  1. Dendrites
  2. Cell Body - soma
  3. Axon Hillock
  4. Node of Ravier - Neurofibril Node
  5. Axon
  6. Myelin Sheath
  7. Synaptic knobs
Term
Why must neurons have great longevity?
Definition

Amitotic - Don't divide

Must live as long as the individual

Term

Cell Body

(4)

Definition
  1. Called Soma
  2. Contains the organelles
  3. Comprise the "gray matter"
  4. Form clusters in the Peripheral Nervous System called ganglion
Term

Dendrites

(3)

Definition
  1. Carry impulses toward the cell body
  2. Some neurons have one, others have many the more that a cells has, the more impulses it receives
  3. Receives input and transfers it to the cell body
Term

Axons

(4)

Definition
  1. All Neurons have only one Axon
  2. Carries impulses away from the cell
  3. Transmits its out put to other cells
  4. The ends branch into synaptic knobs
Term

Neurons are classified two ways, what are they?

 

What are the criteria for the classifications?

Definition

Structure -Classified according to the number of neuron processes comeing off the cell body.

 

Function - Classified according to the direction of nerve impules

Term
What are the structural Classifications of Neurons?
Definition
  1. Multipolar
  2. Bi polar
  3. Unipolar
Term

Multipolar Neurons

(3)

Definition
  1. Many dendrites
  2. One axon
  3. i.e. motor neurons
Term

Bipolar Neurons

(3)

Definition
  1. 2 processes that extend from the cell body
  2. i.e. special senses
  3. Doesn't include touch
Term

Unipolar Neurons

 

Definition
  1. Short process that emerges from cells body and then brances into two
  2. i.e. sensory neurons
Term
What are the three functional Classes of Neurons?
Definition
  1. Sensory Afferent - Sensory Receptors - to CNS
  2. Motor Efferent - From CNS to muscles or Glands
  3. Inter Neurons - Lie between motor and sensory neurons. Entirely confined to CNS
Term
What is special about Inter neurons?
Definition
They are entirely confined to the CNS
Term
  1. What are the 3 Characteristics of Neurons?
  2. What are the 3 main Components of Neurons?
  3. What are the 2 Classifications of Neurons?
  4. What are the 3 divisions w/i each classification?
Definition
  1. High met rate, longevity, nonmitotic
  2. Dendrites, cell body, Axon
  3. Structural and Functiona
  4. Structural - Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar
  5. Functional - Afferent, Efferent, Interneurons.
Term

4 types of Glial Cells CNS

What do they do?

Which part of the Nervous System do they reside?

 

Definition
  1. Astrocytes - control blood brain barrier and ionic environment
  2. Ependymal Cells - circulate CSF
  3. Microglia - Macrophages of CNS
  4. Oligondendrocytes - Myelin sheaths

These are always in CNS

Term

2 types of Glial Cells in PNS

What do they do?

One has two names, what is the official name?

Definition
  1. Satelite cells - don't know (by class notes)
  2. Schwan cells - Mylinate PNS axons   Neurolemmocytes
Term

Myelin Sheath

(4)

Definition
  1. Protectice fatty coating on axons of nerves
  2. Supports, protects and insulates axon
  3. Greatly increases speed of Conduction, nerve impulses jump from node to node
  4. Spaces between myelin sheaths are called nodes of Ranvier
  5. Made from oligodendrocytes in CNS and Nurolemmocytes (schwans cells) in PNS
Term

Astrocytes

(6)

Definition
  1. Helps form the Blood Brain Barrier
  2. Regulates tissue fluid composition
  3. Structural support/organizes CNS
  4. Replaces damaged Neurons - with these
  5. Assists w/ neuronal development -secrets chemicals that regulate channels in fetal brain
  6. Large cell w/ numerous cells processes, in contact w/ neurons and capillaries, Most Abudant
Term

Ependymal cells

(3)

 

Definition
  1. Simple cuboidal epithelial cell ling cavities in brain and spinal cord, cilia on apical surface
  2. Lines ventricles of brain and and central canal of spinal cord
  3. Assists in production and circulaton of CSF
Term

Microglia

(5)

Definition
  1. Small cells with slender branches from c/b
  2. Least common glial cell
  3. Defends agains pathogens
  4. Remove debris
  5. Phagocytize wastes
Term

Oligodendrocyte

(3)

Definition
  1. Rounded, bulbous cell with slender cytoplasmic extensions, extensions wrap around CNS axons
  2. Myelinates and insulates CNS Axons
  3. Allows faster nerve impulse conduction through the axon
Term

Satelite Cell

(4)

Definition
  1. Flattened cell clustered around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion.
  2. Class notes - function unknowns
  3. Book says Protects cell bodies in ganglia
  4. Regulates nutrients for cell bodies in ganglia
Term

Neurolemmocytes

(4)

Definition
  1. Known as Sdchwann cells
  2. Flattened cell wrapped around a portion of an axon in the PNS
  3. Myelinates and insulates PNS Axons
  4. Allows for faster nerve impuse conduction through the axon
Term
Nerves
Definition
  1. Bundle of parallel Axons
  2. 3 Connective Tissue Wrappings - like muscles
Term

Endoneurium

 

Definition
Surrounds individual axon
Term
Perineurium
Definition
Surrounds individual Fascicles
Term
Epineuron
Definition
Surrounds whole nerve
Term
What are the 3 connective tissue wrappings found on nerves
Definition
  1. Endoneurium
  2. Perineurium
  3. Epineurium
Term

Synapses

(4)

Definition
  1. Site at which neurons communicate
  2. Have three Parts
  3. Communication with next neuron, muscle or gland achieved through neurotransmitters
  4. AP - Ca+ channels open - ACH released.
Term
  1. What is a Neuron?
  2. What is an Axon?
  3. What is a Nerve?
Definition
  1. Functional unit of the nervous system
  2. Longer nerve cell process emiting from cell bodies, transmits nerve impulse
  3. Cable like bundle of parallel axons
Term
What are the three parts of the Synapse?
Definition
  1. Presynaptic Neuron - synaptic vesicles contain neuro transmitters.
  2. Synaptic cleft
  3. Post synaptic neuron
Term
What is the structure of Nerons in the Autonomic Nervous System?
Definition
  • Chain of two motor neurons
  • Preganlionic neuron - cell body in brain or spinal cord
  • Axon synapses with Postganlionic Neuron
  • Postganlionic Neuron - Perpheral autonomic ganglion
  • Axon extends to visceral organs 
Term
Whate are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Definition

Sympathetic - Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic - Rest & Digest

Term

What kind of Preganlionic neuron does the sympathetic system have?

 

The Parasympathetic?

 

What kind of Postganlionic neron do these systems have?

Definition

Sympathetic - short pre - long post

Parasympathetic - long pre - short post

Term
Neural Crest Cells
Definition

While the neural folds are migrating toward each other, some cells along the lateral border of the folds begin to dissociate from adjacent cells - this is the neural crest. Many different structures come from these cells

 

 Spinal and crainel nerves

Term
Can an organ be innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathtic axons?
Definition

Yes, Many organs are

  • Actions of each system usually oppose each other
  • Opposing effects are also achieved by increasing or decreasing activity in one division
Term
Definition

 

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