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Nervous System Vocabulary Terms
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28
Anatomy
10th Grade
02/24/2014

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Term
Neuron
Definition
Cells of the nervous system; transmit messages across the body
Term
Neuroglia
Definition
Non-Neural tissue of the central nervous system; performs supportive and other functions
Term
Axon
Definition
Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body
Term
Dentrite
Definition
Branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the body
Term
Cell Body
Definition
Metabolic center of the neuron
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
A tight coil of wrapped membranes encloses the axon
Term
Axonal Terminal
Definition
They hold vesicles that have chemicals called neurotransmitters
Term
Afferent Neuron
Definition
Nerve cells that carry impulses toward the central nervous system
Term
Proprioceptor
Definition
Located in muscle or tendon; condensed with muscle tension
Term
Associated Neuron
Definition
Connect motor and sensory neurons
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
Chemical released by neurons upon binding to receptors stimulate them
Term
Schwann Cells
Definition
Specialized supporting cells that wrap around the axon jelly roll fusion
Term
Synapse
Definition
Region of communication between neurons
Term
Efferent Neuron
Definition
Neuron that conduct electrical impulses away from central nervous system
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
The gaps in the myelin formed by Schwann cells
Term
Ganglion
Definition
Group of nerve cell bodies located in peripheral nervous system
Term
Tract
Definition
Collection of nerve fibers in the CNS having same origin function
Term
Depolarization
Definition
Loss of state of polarity; loss of a negative charge
Term
Refractory Period
Definition
Period of unresponsiveness to thresh hold stimulation
Term
Repolarization
Definition
Out flow of positive ions from cell; restores electrical conditions
Term
Action Potential
Definition
Electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory.
Term
Reflex Arc
Definition
Neural pathways that have reflexes on them
Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
Part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
Part of the nervous system consisting of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
Star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord
Term
Microglia
Definition
resident macro phages of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Ependymal
Definition
Thin epithelium-like lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
provide support to axons and to produce the Myelin sheath
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