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Nervous System - Med Careers
Everything neck down
30
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/29/2015

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Cards

Term
Neuroglia
Definition

"nerve glue"

supporting cells in the central nervous system

Term
Astrocytes
Definition

type of neuroglia

abundant star shaped cells

cling to neurons (brace, anchor, supply with nutrients)

protect neurons from harmful substances

Term
Microglia
Definition

spiderlike phagocytes

dispose of debris like dead brain cells or bacteria

Term
Ependymal Cells
Definition

line cavity of brain and spinal cord

beating of cilia circulates spinal fluid

forms protective cushion

Term
Oligondendrocytes
Definition

wrap flat extensions around nerve fibers forming myelin sheaths (CNS)

cannot transmit nerve pulses

Term
Schwann Cells
Definition
form myelin sheaths in PNS
Term
Satellite Cells
Definition
protective, cushioning cells in PNS
Term
Cell Body
Definition

contains usual organelles

nissl substance and neurofibrils abundant

Term
Neurofibrils
Definition
filaments importabt in maintaining cell shape
Term
Dendrites
Definition
carry impulses toward cell body
Term
Axons
Definition

carry impulses away from cell body

each nerve only has one

Term
Axon Terminals
Definition

branching at the end of the axon

contain vesicles with neurotransmitters

Term
Synaptic Cleft
Definition
small space separating axon terminal from one neuron and dendrites of another
Term
Synapse
Definition
joint between two neurons
Term
Neurilemma
Definition
part of Schwann cell external to myelin sheath
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
gaps between myelinated sections
Term
Nuclei
Definition
clusters in CNS where cell bodies are found
Term
Ganglia
Definition
small collections of cell bodies outside of CNS
Term
Tracts
Definition
bundles of nerve fibers running through CNS
Term
Nerves
Definition
bundles of nerve fibers running through PNS
Term
White Matter
Definition
dense collections of myelinated fibers
Term
Grey Matter
Definition
unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
Term
Sensory/Afferent Neurons
Definition
neurons that carry impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
Term
Propriocepters
Definition
sensory neurons in tendons and muscles
Term
Efferent/Motor Neurons
Definition
neurons that carry impulses from CNS to viscera, muscles and glands
Term
Association/Interneurons
Definition
connect motor and sensory pathways
Term
Reflexes
Definition
rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses
Term
Reflex Arcs
Definition
neural pathways where reflexes occur
Term
Somatic Reflexes
Definition
all reflexes in skeletal muscles
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