Term
| (T/F) The nervous system is the fastest and most complex system in the human body |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the nervous system function in? |
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Definition
| Communication and control |
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Term
| What are the 3 pathways of the nervous system? |
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Definition
1. Sensory (afferent)
2. Integration
3. Motor (efferent) |
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Term
| What does the sensory system do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the motor system do? |
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Definition
| Evokes response by targeting effector |
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Term
| What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the CNS contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the CNS? |
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Definition
| Integration, processing and co-ordination of the sensory input and motor output |
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Term
| What does the PNS contain? |
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Definition
| Cranial and spinal nerves. |
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Term
| There are how many cranial nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are how many spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the PNS? |
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Definition
| Takes info from the CNS to peripheral tissues/organs |
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Term
| What are the 2 subdivisions of the PNS? |
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Definition
1. Sensory (afferent) division
2. Motor (efferent) division |
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Term
| What does the afferent division do? |
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Definition
| Takes info from periphery to CNS |
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Term
| (T/F) The afferents take info from both somatic and visceral sources. |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of somatic afferents. |
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Definition
| Skin, skeletal muscles, joints, etc |
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Term
| Exampls of visceral afferents. |
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Definition
| Visceral organs in central cavity. |
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Term
| Funcion of the efferent system? |
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Definition
| Inputs from CNS to the effector organs |
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Term
| Name the subdivisions of the efferent system. |
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Definition
1. Somatic NS
2. Autonomic NS |
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Term
| The SNS is classified as a _______ NS. |
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Definition
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Term
| SNS contains nerve fibres that go to? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The SMS allows conscious control of skeletal muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| The ANS is classified as a ___________ NS. |
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Definition
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Term
| ANS contains nerve fibres that go to? (3) |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
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Term
| (T/F) The ANS gives conscoious control of its targets? |
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Definition
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Term
| The nerve fibres of the ANS are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 divisions of the ANS. |
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Definition
1. Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic |
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Term
| The sympathetic pathway _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The parasympathetic pathway _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways target the same organs with opposing functions. |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ is the exception to this general rule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of neural tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons are also known as ________ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the neuron containt (2) |
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Definition
1. Cell body
2. Cytoplasmic processes |
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Term
| What is the cell body also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diameter of the soma? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell body contains all of the normal organelles except which? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Neurons can undergo mitosis and divide. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called in neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Nissl bodies are very abundant |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are most neural cell bodies in the CNS |
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Definition
| Less likely to get damaged in CNS |
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Term
| What are clusters of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are clusters of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclei or ganglia are more abundant? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) All neurons have cytoplasmic processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The CNS contains equal amounts of cell bodies and cytoplasmic processes, and if not, which is more abundant? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The PNS contains equal amounts of cell bodies and cytoplasmic processes, and if not, which is more abundant? |
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Definition
| False; higher amount of cytoplasmic processes. |
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Term
| (T/F) Cytoplasmic processes all extend from the soma |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bundles called in the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bundles called in the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the short branching divisions of the cell body called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Convey incoming messages to the cell body. |
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Term
| (T/F) Dendrites have a large surface area |
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Definition
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Term
| What main process comes from the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the axon hillock lack? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many axons per neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the branches of the axon called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the axon? |
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Definition
| To create AP's and to transmit away from cell body |
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Term
| Name the 2 classification types of neurons |
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Definition
1. Structural
2. Functional |
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Term
| Name the 3 structural classifications of neurons? |
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Definition
1. Multipolar
2. Bi-polar
3. Uni-polar |
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Term
| Describe multipolar cells. |
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Definition
| 3/more cellular processes |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 processes, 1 axon and 1 dendrite |
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Term
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Definition
| Single, very short process; pseudounipolar because it is the coming together of the axon and dendrite |
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Term
| What is the most common type of neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the neurons in special sense organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are unipolar cells located? |
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Definition
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Term
| The functional classification of neurons is based on? |
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Definition
| The direction of nerve impulse related to the CNS |
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Term
| Name the 3 functional divisions. |
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Definition
1. Sensory (afferent)
2. Motor (efferent)
3. Association (interneurons) |
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Term
| What are the sensory neurons? |
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Definition
| Pseudounipolar cells with cell bodes in ganglia in PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Multipolar cells with cell bodies in CNS |
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Term
| What are the interneurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| The interneurons are usually between the _____ and ______ neurons. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the supporting cells in the nervous system called? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Neuroglia is in both the CNS and PNS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cell body with nucleus; processes |
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Term
| (T/F) Neuroglia are smaller than neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of the brain mass is neuroglia |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 neuroglia classifications in the CNS |
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Definition
1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Ependymal
4. Oligodendrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, star shaped, numerous processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains structural and functional integrity of neural tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Small oval cells; many processes |
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Term
| Microglia make up what percentage of CNS neuroglia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks down waste and pathogens, maintains health and welfare of neurons |
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Term
| What are microglia derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cubiodal to columnar shape; ciliated |
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Term
| Where are ependymal cells located? |
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Definition
| Lines cavities of brain/spinal cord |
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Term
| Function of ependymal cells |
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Definition
| Production, circulation and maintenance of CSF |
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Term
| Describe oligodendrocytes |
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Definition
| Wrap nerve fibres of CNS (myelin sheaths) |
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Term
| How many neurons can one oligodendrocyte myelinate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the oligodendrocytes create along the axon |
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Definition
| Myelin sheaths and nodes of ranvier |
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Term
| Name the neuroglia in the PNS (2) |
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Definition
1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many neurons can 1 schwann cell myelinate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Schwann cells create _____? |
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Definition
| Nodes of ranvier and myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounds neural cell bodies of pseudounipolar cells in ganglia |
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Term
| Function of satellite cells |
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Definition
| Controls chem environment of neuron |
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Term
| Describe a myelinated axon |
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Definition
| processes or schwann cells wrapping axon in many layers |
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Term
| Describe an unmyelinated axon |
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Definition
| Schwann or processes embrace axon, but don't wrap and do nothing more |
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Term
| White matter in the CNS is? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cell bodies and unmyelinated axon |
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