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Nervous System (Ch.12)
N/A
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/03/2011

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Cards

Term
Effector organs are always ___ and ____
Definition
glands and muscles (any type)
Term
What are the two components of the central nervous system?
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
Define ganglia
Definition
nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS
Term
What are the four characteristics of neurons?
Definition
conduction, longevity, lack of division, and high metabolic rate
Term
How long do neurons typically last?
Definition
a lifetime
Term
What are the six main parts of a neuron?
Definition
dendrites, soma, axon hillock, initial segment of axon, axon, and terminal bouton
Term
What are the STRUCTURAL classifications of neurons?
Definition
multipolar (most common), bipolar (rare), and unipolar/pseudopolar (somatic sensory neurons)
Term
What are the three functional classifications of neurons?
Definition
afferent (sensory), efferent (motor), and interneurons (association)
Term
Define afferent
Definition
toward the CNS
Term
Define Efferent
Definition
away from the CNS
Term
Define interneurons
Definition
within the CNS
Term
What are the four types of CNS neuroglia?
Definition
astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendricytes
Term
What are the two types of PNS neuroglia?
Definition
satellite cells and schwann cells
Term
What type of cell are ependymal cells?
Definition
simple cuboidal epithelium (ciliated)
Term
Where can you find nerves?
Definition
in the PNS
Term
Where do you find tracts (bundle of axons)?
Definition
CNS
Term
_____ cover neuronal soma in the PNS
Definition
satellite cells
Term
_____ form myelin sheaths in the PNS
Definition
schwann cells
Term
____ is a multilayered lipoprotein structure that wraps pieces of axons
Definition
myelin
Term
What are Nodes of Ranvier?
Definition
gaps in the myelin sheath that let Na+ into the cell
Term
What are neurilemma?
Definition
the outermost layer of the myelin sheath that is the cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell
Term
myelinated axons are ___ while unmyelinated axons are _____
Definition
multilayered; unilayered
Term
a ____ acts as a tunnel that connects one end of a damaged axon to the other end
Definition
regeneration tube
Term
True or false:
the white matter in the brain is centrally located
Definition
True
Term
True or false:
the grey matter in the spinal cord is centrally located
Definition
true
Term
Define ganglion
Definition
cluster of soma in the PNS
Term
Define nucleus*
Definition
cluster of soma in the CNS that perform a specific function
Term
What gives white matter its color?
Definition
the myelin
Term
____ is a cluster of axons in the PNS
Definition
nerve
Term
_____ is a cluster of axons in the CNS
Definition
tract
Term
What is the most important component of grey matter?
Definition
cell bodies of interneurons
Term
What is the cable-like organ of the PNS?
Definition
the nerve
Term
____ are many parallel axons arranged in bundles
Definition
fascicles
Term
within each nerve, each axon is covered by ______
Definition
Schwann Cells
Term
What are the three CT components of nerves?
Definition
Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium
Term
What are the five components of a reflex?
Definition
Receptor, Sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector
Term
Which of the five components is ALWAYS part of the reflex arc?
Definition
the integration center
Term
What are the two types of reflexes?
Definition
monosynaptic and polysynaptic
Term
What is the most abundant CNS neuroglia?
Definition
astrocytes
Term
What are the defensive cells of the CNS?
Definition
microglia
Term
Where can you find ependymal cells?
Definition
lining CSF-filled cavities
Term
What cells have processes that form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS?
Definition
oligodendrocytes
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