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Nervous System
nervous system
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/22/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Afferent Neurons

Definition

 

 

 

Neurons going toward the CNS

(sensory)

Term

 

 

 

Efferent Neurons

Definition

 

 

 

Neurons going away from the CNS

(motor)

Term

 

 

 

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Definition

 

 

 

Contains the brain and the spinal cord

Term

 

 

 

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Definition

 

 

 

Includes everything not included in the CNS (nerves that connect--cranial and spinal nerves.)

Term

 

 

 

Somatic Nervous System

Definition

 

 

 

Have conscious control over; contains nerve fibers that send sensory information to the CNS, and motor nerve fibers that project to skeletal muscle.

Term

 

 

 

Autonomic Nervous System

Definition

 

 

 

  No conscious control over; divided into three parts: Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS and *Enteric NS.

Term

 

 

 

Dermatome

Definition

 

 

 

Sensory distribution of nerve fibers in the skin.

Term

 

 

 

Sensory nerves

Definition

 

 

 

conveys input from the external environment (touch, vision, etc.) and from the internal environment (blood pressure) to the CNS.

Term

 

 

 

Motor nerves

Definition

 

 

 

           stimulates movement of muscles and makes glands secrete.

Term

 

 

 

Sympathetic NS

Definition

 

 

controls fight or flight, emergencies;  increases HR and conrtactility, constricts blood vessels, stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine... 

Term

 

 

 

Parasympathetic NS

Definition

 

  

Keeps everything quiet and orderly; homeostasis.  Decreases HR and contractility, stimulates bladder emptying and defecation, constricts pupils and adjusts lenses.

Term

 

 

 

Nerves

Definition

 

 

 

Bundles of neurons

Term

 

 

 

Sympathetic neurons originate:

Definition

 

 

           in the thoracic and upper lumbar part of the spinal cord

 

Autonomic ganglion is close to spine, close to aorta

Term

 

 

 

Parasympathetic neurons originate:

Definition

 

 

 

in the brain stem, sacral part of spinal cord

 

Autonomic ganglion is close to organ it supplies.

Term

 

 

 

Dorsal roots

Definition

 

 

 

    contain the axons of sensory neurons and enter the spinal cord from the back.

Term

 

 

 

ventral roots

Definition

 

 

 

         contain axons of motor neurons and leave the spinal cord from the front.

Term

 

 

 

gray matter

Definition

 

 

 

nerve cell bodies

Term

 

 

 

white matter

Definition

 

 

 

axons

Term

 

 

 

Nissl body

Definition

 

 

     a structure visible in the cell body of a neuron by light microscopy that is composed of masses of ribosomes. 

protein synthesis occurs here.

Term

 

 

 

somatic and autonomic reflexes

Definition

 

 

 

   Are involuntary, and only involve peripheral  nerves and the spinal cord, not the brain.

Term

 

 

 

Myelin sheath

Definition

 

 

 

the cell membrane of a Schwann cell wrapped around and around an axon.

Term

 

 

 

synapse

Definition

 

 

 

 where an axon of one neuron comes so close to the dendrites of the next neuron that it can send a signal across the space to reach it.

Term

 

 

 

ligand

Definition

 

 

 

 a chemical that binds to a receptor on a cell membrane and causes some reaction in the cell.

Term

 

 

 

Neurotransmitter used by somatic motor neurons and all pre-ganglionic autonomic neurons

Definition

 

 

 

Acetylcholine

Term

 

 

 

    Neurotransmitter used by post-ganglionic autonomic neurons

Definition

 

 

 

Acetylcholine in parasympathetic neurons

Norepinephrine in sympathetic neurons

Term

 

 

 

cauda equina

Definition

 

  

the dorsal and ventral roots of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves that remain inside the vertebral canalfor a long distance before the dorsal and ventral roots join and exit the vertebral canal as single nerves.

Term

 

 

 

location of cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that leave the spinal cord

Definition

 

 

 

          in the anterior horns of the gray matter in the spinal cord

Term

 

 

 

internal capsule

Definition

 

 

 

connects the motor cortex to the spinal cord

Term

 

 

 

corpus callosum

Definition

 

 

 

connects the two cerebral hemispheres

Term

 

 

 

Wernike's area

Definition

 

 

 

      where all somatosensory stimuli are interpreted so that you can understand what is happening around you.

Term

 

 

 

two functions of astrocytes

Definition

 

 

recycle glutamate from synapse in the brain

 

 keep a store of glycogen to provide neurons glucose between meals

Term

 

 

 

associative fibers

Definition

 

 

 

 located in the cerebral cortex; connect parts of the same hemisphere

Term

 

 

 

action potential

Definition

 

 

 

          depolarization of the cell membrane followed by repolarization

Term

 

 

 

oligodendrocytes

Definition

 

 

 

provide myelin sheaths for brain neurons

Term

 

 

 

endorphin

Definition

 

 

 

neuropeptide that supresses pain

Term

 

 

 

signal transduction

Definition

 

 

 

process by which binding stimulates the cells

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