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Nervous System
Hammock's nervous system practical
50
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/13/2012

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Term
Gray matter
Definition
Unmyelinated brain and spinal tissue;contains interneurons
Term
White matter
Definition
Myelinated brain and spinal tissue;carries impulses to and from the brain
Term
Spinal Nerves
Definition
In the PNS, it contains the sensory and motor neurons that transmits messages to and from the spinal cord
Term
Central Canal
Definition
Found in the gray matter of the spinal cord, it contains CSF
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
The tough, protective covering of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
The third meningeal layer that is very tightly bound to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Longitudinal Fissure
Definition
Separates the right and left hemispheres
Term
Transverse Fissure
Definition
Separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum
Term
Sulci
Definition
The grooves of brain tissue that greatly increase the surface area of the cortex
Term
Gyri
Definition
The folds of tissue found on the surface of the brain
Term
Optic Nerve
Definition
Cranial nerve II; it transmits visual messages to the brain
Term
Optic Chiasma
Definition
It is the crossing point of the optic nerves
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
Lobe of the brain that contains the visual cortex
Term
Parietal Lobes
Definition
Lobe of the brain that contains the somatic sensory cortex (pain, heat, touch)
Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
Lobe of the brain that is important in the control of voluntary motor functions (motor cortex), motivation, aggression, mood, and olfactory reception
Term
Temporal Lobes
Definition
Lobes of the brain that contains the auditory cortex and olfactory cortex
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
A broad band of nerve tracts at the base of the longitudinal fissure that allows the right and left hemispheres to communicate sensory information
Term
Limbic System
Definition
Contains structures like the cingulated gyrus and hippocampus; governs emotional aspects of behavior, memory, rage, pleasure, and pain as related to survival
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
The “little brain” structure that provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity; controls balance; maintains muscle tone
Term
Colliculi
Definition
Four mounds of the midbrain; relay centers for auditory nerve pathways in the CNS and controls visual reflexes
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Largest part of the diencephalon; relays sensory input from the spinal cord and brain stem to the cerebral cortex; also, influences mood and registers an uncomfortable perception of pain
Term
Pineal Body
Definition
Endocrine gland of the epithalamus; it influences the onset of puberty and seasonal breeding in animals; produces melatonin (controls sleep cycles)
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Inferior part of the diencephalon; helps maintain homeostasis: controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, feelings of sexual pleasure, rage, and fear
Term
Mamillary Bodies
Definition
Visible swellings of the hypothalamus that are involved in emotional responses to odors and in memory
Term
Pituitary Gland
Definition
Endocrine gland controlled by the hypothalamus that secretes hormones (like FSH, LH, and GH
Term
Infundibulum
Definition
Stalk that extends from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
Term
Cranial nerve
Definition
In the PNS, it contains the sensory and/or motor neurons that transmits messages to and from the brain
Term
Pons
Definition
Serves as the functional bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum; it controls breathing, swallowing, balance, chewing, and salivation
Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition
Brain stem structure that regulates vital visceral activities, such as rate and force of heartbeat; breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing
Term
Arachnoid Mater
Definition
Thin, wispy meningeal layer that helps CSF enter the blood stream
Term
Lateral Ventricle
Definition
Large, CSF-filled cavity of the right and left hemispheres
Term
Choroid Plexus
Definition
Specialized structures made of ependymal cells, which are located in the ventricles; produces CSF
Term
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Definition
Fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord and provides a protective cushion around the CNS
Term
Fourth Ventricle
Definition
Located at the base of the cerebellum, this CSF-filled cavity is connected to the third ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct Contains CSF
Term
Eyelashes
Definition
Hairs of the eyelids that protect the eye from dust and debris
Term
Eye Muscles
Definition
Six skeletal muscles that help voluntarily move the eye
Term
Sclera
Definition
White fibrous connective tissue of the eye; it maintains the shape of the eye, protects internal structures, and provides attachment sites for eye muscles
Term
Cornea
Definition
Transparent part of the outer tunic of the eye that bends the entering light
Term
Pupil
Definition
Opening in the iris that allows light to pass through the eye
Term
Iris
Definition
Pigmented, smooth muscle of the eye that regulates the amount of light entering the eye; it constricts and dilates the pupil
Term
Lens
Definition
Flexible, biconvex disk that focuses light in the eye
Term
Retina
Definition
Innermost layer of the eye; it contains the photoreceptors called rods and cones, which responds to light
Term
Optic Disk
Definition
Called the blind spot, this eye structure has no photoreceptors and does not respond to light
Term
Tapetum Lucidum
Definition
Found in nocturnal animals, this brightly colored, iridescent tissue bounces light back to the retina
Term
Aqueous Humor
Definition
Watery substance at the anterior portion of the eye that provides nutrients to the inner surface of the eye
Term
Vitreous Humor
Definition
Jelly-like substance of the eye that helps maintain pressure within the eye and holds the lens and retina in place
Term
What cortex is in the Parietal Lobe?
Definition
Sensory Cortex
Term
Wha cortex is in the Frontal Lobe?
Definition
Motor Cortex
Term
What cortex is in the Temporal Lobe?
Definition
Auditory Cortex
Term
What cortex is in the Occipital Lobe?
Definition
Visual Cortex
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