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Nervous System
Notes from the Nervous system powerpoints
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/30/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the function of the nervous system?
Definition
Monitor internal and external stimuli to maintain homeostasis, and coordinate muscle function.
Term
Neuron
Definition
A nerve cell
Term
Nerve
Definition
A group of neurons
Term
Ganglia
Definition
A group of Nerves.
Term
Glial cell
Definition
Myelin sheath that covers axon sections, 10 glial cells to each neuron.
Term
What body parts make up the Central Nervous System?
Definition
The brain and spinal cord.
Term
What body parts make up the Peripheral Nervous System?
Definition
Cranial nerves, Ganglia, and Spinal Nerves.
Term
The Peripheral Nervous System divides into two types.. what are they?
Definition
Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)
Term
Sensory nerve receptors collect or send information?
Definition
collect.
Term
Motor nerve receptors collect of send information?
Definition
send.
Term
Name the 4 main sections of the brain.
Definition
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and the Brain Stem.
Term
What is the function of the cerebrum?
Definition
sensory, memory, thought, and consciousness.
Term
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Definition
coordinate movement and balance.
Term
What are the functions of the Diencephalon?
Definition
Produce and manage hormones, and homeostasis.
Term
What are the functions of the brain stem?
Definition
controls life-supporting subconscious functions.
Term
What organs make up the diencephalon?
Definition
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland.
Term
What is the purpose of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)?
Definition
To protect the brain from potential toxins in circulating blood.
Term
What two structures support and protect the brain?
Definition
Skull and meninges
Term
What are the three types of meninges?
Definition
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
Term
What order are they found?
Definition
pia mater (bottom / closest to brain)
arachnoid (middle layer), and
dura mater (tough fibrous outter layer).
Term
CSF stands for what?
Definition
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Term
What is CSF?
Definition
clear fluid that circulates the CNS to provide protection, support and nurishment.
Term
What is the primary function of the spinal cord?
Definition
relays sensory & motor information to the brain.
houses reflex arcs.
Term
Doral horn of gray matter in the spine does what?
Definition
carries sensory impulses to the brain. (IN)
Term
Ventral horn of gray matter in the spine does what?
Definition
carries motor impulses to the spinal nerves. (OUT)
Term
What are the three supportive and protective layers of the spine?
Definition
Vertebrae, Epidural space, and meninges.
Term
Neuron firing has 4 stages, what are they?
Definition
Resting state, Depolarization, Beginning of re-polarization, and re-polarization.
Term
What happens in the "resting" state of a neuron? What is its charge?
Definition
Sodium is actively pumped out of the neuron while potassium is pumped in. (3Na:2K) Neuron is NEGATIVELY charged.
Term
What happens in the "depolarization" state of a neuron? What what is its charge?
Definition
A stimulus causes the sodium channel to open, allowing an over flow of sodium into the neuron. Neuron is POSITIVELY charged.
Term
What happens in the "beginnning of re-polarization" state? What is its charge?
Definition
The sodium channel quickly closes and the potassium gate opens. The charge is rapidly changing.
Term
What happens in the "re-polarization" state of a neuron? What is its charge?
Definition
Sodium and Potassium pumps restore back to the original ratio of 3:2, the neuron is negatively charged.
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