Term
| A collection of neuron axons in the PNS is called a ____. In the CNS, it is called a ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is called a ____. In the CNS, it is called a ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is endoneurium? Perineurium? |
|
Definition
| Endoneurium is connective tissue that surrounds an individual nerve fiber. Perineurium is the connective tissue that surrounds fascicles of nerve fibers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epineurium is the thickest connective tissue, surrounding multiple fascicles to form a peripheral nerve. |
|
|
Term
| In addition to nerve fibers, what are the components of a peripheral nerve? |
|
Definition
| Endo/perineurium, vasa nervosum, fatty tissue, and lymphatics all encased in epineurium. |
|
|
Term
| A dorsal root is comprised of somatic ___ fibers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ventral root is comprised of somatic ___ fibers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do the dorsal and ventral ramus have afferent or efferent fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the area called after the roots converge but before they split into rami? What bony structure does this portion pass through? |
|
Definition
| The mixed spinal nerve. An intervertebral foramen. |
|
|
Term
| Which ramus supplies hypaxial muscles? Which ramus supplies epaxial muscles? |
|
Definition
Hypaxial: ventral ramus
Epaxial: dorsal ramus |
|
|
Term
| What are the two branches of the PNS? |
|
Definition
| somatic (body wall and extremities) and visceral (internal organs) |
|
|
Term
| What two fiber types are found in the somatic PNS? |
|
Definition
| GSA (skeletal muscle) and GSE (sensation) |
|
|
Term
| In the somatic nervous system, how many neurons communicate between the CNS and the receptors/effectors? |
|
Definition
| just one. This is true for both GSA and GSE fibers. |
|
|
Term
| What types of neurons are in GSA fibers? Where are their cell bodies? |
|
Definition
| Pseudounipolar; the dorsal root ganglion |
|
|
Term
| What are cutaneous GSA receptors called? What are some categories? |
|
Definition
| Exteroceptors. The different kinds are mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of neurons are in GSE fibers? |
|
Definition
| Lower motor neurons, most of which are alpha motor neurons |
|
|
Term
| How many cranial nerves have lower motor neurons from the brain stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lower motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. |
|
|
Term
| Describe alpha motor axons at the neuromuscular junction. |
|
Definition
| They branch repeatedly and lose their myelin sheaths. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two kinds of peripheral nerve injuries? |
|
Definition
| Irritative and destructive lesions. |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of an irritative lesion? |
|
Definition
Sensory: parasthesia or pain
Motor: spasm or twitching |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of a destructive lesion? |
|
Definition
Sensory: anesthesia or hypesthesia
Motor: paralysis or paresis |
|
|
Term
| What are the two kinds of peripheral nerve injuries? |
|
Definition
| Irritative and destructive lesions. |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of an irritative lesion? |
|
Definition
Sensory: parasthesia or pain
Motor: spasm or twitching |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of a destructive lesion? |
|
Definition
Sensory: anesthesia or hypesthesia
Motor: paralysis or paresis |
|
|
Term
| What two kinds of fibers are found in the visceral PNS? Which are the fibers of the autonomic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| GVE and GVA. GVE fibers form the autonomic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Convey vague pain/sensation. Mostly affective (e.g. hunger, satiety, nausea) |
|
|
Term
| In the ANS, how many neurons are between the target organ and the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the ______ system, the postganglionic neuron is long. In the ____ system, the postganglionic neuron is short. |
|
Definition
| sympathetic; parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| In the ____, the postganglionic neuron is usually located in a paravertebral or prevertebral ganglion relatively near the CNS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the preganglionic neurotransmitter of both the symp and parasymp systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the postganglionic neurotransmitters of the ANS? |
|
Definition
sympathetic: norepinephrine
parasympathetic: acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component? |
|
Definition
| III (oculomotor), VII(facial), IX(glossopharyngeal), X(vagus) |
|
|
Term
| The sacral portion of the parasympathetic division is found in the ___ horns of the ___ spinal cord segments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sacral parasympathetic preganglionic axons form what kind of nerves? |
|
Definition
| The pelvic splanchnic nerves (to hindgut, pelvis, and perineal organs) |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves provides parasymphatetic innervation to foregut and midgut derivatives? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Visceral afferents accompany parasympathetic nerves. What kinds of receptors do they have? |
|
Definition
| nociceptors; mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| In the sympathetic division, where will you find the preganglionic cell bodies? |
|
Definition
| The intermediolateral horns of the T1-L2 segments. (NB: this horn exists only in these segments) |
|
|
Term
| As with the parasympathetic preganglionic axons, sympathetic preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What/where are the sympathetic trunks? |
|
Definition
| The trunks are composed of the ganglia of the sympathetic system. They lie in the paravertebral gutters allon the spinal cord from the base of the skull to the coccyx. |
|
|
Term
| The ganglia of the sympathetic trunk are known as _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The preganglionic sympathetic axons get from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk via the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen to the preganglionic sympathetic fibers when they reach the sympathetic chains? |
|
Definition
| They can synapse where they enter. They can synapse at a higher or lower ganglion. They can pass through the chain without synapsing. |
|
|
Term
| If synapse does occur in the sympathetic chain, the postganglionic sympathetics will likely rejoin the spinal nerves via the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All spinal nerves will receive some _____ from the gray spinal rami. |
|
Definition
| postganglionic sympathetic fibers |
|
|
Term
| What are some body wall structures that require sympathetic innervation but have no parasympathetic supply? |
|
Definition
| sweat glands; arrectores pilli; vascular smooth muscle (with exception of coronary arteries) |
|
|
Term
| White and gray rami are found only in which spinal segments? Gray rami are found where? |
|
Definition
White and gray: T1-L2
Gray: all spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| What happens to many postganglionic cervical sympathetic axons? |
|
Definition
| They form a periarterial plexus on the carotid arteries. |
|
|
Term
| What syndrome is the result of interruption of the fibers of the periarterial plexus? |
|
Definition
| Horner's sydrome (ptosis; miosis; anhydrosis) |
|
|
Term
| Some cervical and thoracic sympathetics do not rejoin the spinal nerves via the gray communicating rami. These direct visceral branches innervate which organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct visceral branches of the sympathetic system also convey ____ fibers from viscera to cervical and thoracic spinal nerves via the ________. These fibers may stimulate ____ fibers in the dorsal roots, which explains the phenomenon of ____. |
|
Definition
| GVA; white communicating rami; GSA; referred pain |
|
|
Term
| Where does the "cross-talk" between GSA and GVA fibers occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bundles of preganglionic sympathetic axons which exit the sympathetic chain without synapsing are called ______. These fibers will synapse in _____ or _____ ganglia located anterior to the _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| splanchnic nerves; collateral; prevertebral; abdominal aorta; common iliac arteries |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic splanchnic nerves pierce the ___ and seek synapse on the _____. |
|
Definition
| diaphragm; prevertebral ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Like some postganglionic fibers from cervical ganglia, the postganglionic fibers of the prevertebral ganglia will reach their targets by forming a _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Splanchnic nerves convey GVA fibers to the dorsal roots of spinal nerves ______ via the ______. This explains abdominopelvic referred pain. |
|
Definition
| T5-L2; white communicating rami |
|
|
Term
| Where do CN1 fibers project? |
|
Definition
| To the piriform lobe of the rhinencephalon and to autonomic centers in the hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
| Where do CN2 fibers project? |
|
Definition
| To the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and to the brain stem. |
|
|
Term
| The optic nerve passes through the fundus through the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ has a central pit (fovea centralis) that is rich in ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Both VII and VIII arise from the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the tonotopic organization of the cochlear nucleus and the cochlea. |
|
Definition
Nucleus: High pitched sounds project more posteriorly. Low pitched sounds project more anteriorly.
Cochlea: Low pitched sounds detected near the apex, high pitched sounds nearer the base. (the place principle) |
|
|
Term
| What separates the membranous labyrinth from the bony labyrinth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fills the three tubes of the cochlea? |
|
Definition
| Two are filled with perilymph. One (the cochlear duct) with endolymph. |
|
|
Term
| Where do you find endolymph? |
|
Definition
| The semicircular canals and the cochlear duct. |
|
|
Term
| The stapes moves in and out of the ____, causing movement of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the spiral ganglion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scala ____ ascends from the _____, while the scala ____ descends to the _____. |
|
Definition
vestibuli; oval window
tympani; round window |
|
|
Term
| To where do the secondary neurons of VIII project? |
|
Definition
| the temporal lobe, but processing begins in the brain stem |
|
|
Term
| What muscle attaches to the stapes? To the malleus? |
|
Definition
stapes: stapedius
malleus: tensor tympani |
|
|
Term
| What do the utricle and saccule detect? |
|
Definition
| linear acceleration, gravity, translational movement |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of movement do the semicircular canals detect? |
|
Definition
| angular motion and rotation of the head |
|
|
Term
| What is the vestibuloocular reflex? |
|
Definition
| it reflexively moves the eye muscles, allowing us to track objects in space (if it's not working, you can get nystagmus) |
|
|
Term
| What do the GVE fibers of III do? Where do they synapse? |
|
Definition
| They synapse on the ciliary ganglion. They have two functions that allow for accommodation: increasing curvature of lens and constricting the pupil |
|
|
Term
| Describe the main targets of the four parasympathetic ganglia of the head. |
|
Definition
Ciliary: lens and pupil
Pterygopalatine: lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa
Submandibular: submandibular and sublingual glands
Otic: parotid |
|
|
Term
| Postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion are carried by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| The nasociliary nerve of V1 |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve has the longest intracranial path? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CN has the longest intradural path? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do III, IV, and VI exit the brain? |
|
Definition
III: cerebral peduncles
IV: inferior colliculus (on DORSAL aspect)
VI: inferior pontine sulcus |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of V1? |
|
Definition
Nasocilliary
Frontal
Lacrimal |
|
|
Term
| Where should you have a patient look to test the superior oblique muscle? |
|
Definition
| first adduct, then look down |
|
|
Term
| Where should a patient look to test the superior rectus? |
|
Definition
| first abduct, then look up |
|
|
Term
| Which muscle does IV innervate? VI? |
|
Definition
IV: superior oblique
VI: lateral rectus |
|
|
Term
| If the eyeball is pointed "down and out," which CN is likely lesioned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ ganglion supplies sympathetic fibers to the head. The postganglionic fibers are distributed via the _____. |
|
Definition
| superior cervical; periarterial plexus |
|
|
Term
| From which spinal segments do the sympathetic nerves of the orbit arise? Along which nerve do the postganglionic segments run? |
|
Definition
| T1-T2; the internal carotid nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is under sympathetic control in the orbit? What is the name of the symptom that occurs when these nerves are lesioned? |
|
Definition
| Pupillary dilator, superior tarsal muscle, opthalmic artery. Horner's syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers does the trigeminal contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spinal trigeminal nucleus also receives GSA inputs from what cranial nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's going on in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal? |
|
Definition
| Proprioceptive inputs from trigeminal. |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
| III, IV, VI, and V1 and V2 |
|
|
Term
| Which branches of the trigeminal innervate the meninges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major cutaneous branches of V1? |
|
Definition
| the supraorbital (F), the supratrochlear (F), the infratrochlear (N), the dorsal nasal(N) |
|
|
Term
| Which intraorbital branch of V1 gives rise to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major cutaneous branches of V2? |
|
Definition
| Zygomatic branches (temporal, orbital, facial) and infraorbital branches (nasal and inferior palpebral) |
|
|
Term
| What nerve exits the incisive foramen? |
|
Definition
| the nasopalatine nerve of V2 |
|
|
Term
| What nerve exits the greater palatine foramen? |
|
Definition
| the greater palatine nerves of V2 |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles does V3 innervate? |
|
Definition
| temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, anterior digastric, and mylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| Describe the branching of V3. |
|
Definition
| An SVE branch to each muscle. Four sensory branches: long Buccal, Auriculotemporal, Inferior alveolar, and Lingual |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve surrounds the middle meningeal artery as it approaches foramen spinosum? |
|
Definition
| The two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve of V3 |
|
|
Term
| The lingual nerve provides sensation to what areas? |
|
Definition
| Mucosa of presulcal tongue, floor of mouth and mandibular gingivae. |
|
|
Term
| Which important SVA/GVE nerve joins V3? Where? |
|
Definition
| Chorda tympani (VII) joins the lingual branch of V3 in the infratemporal fossa. |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve mediates taste sensation from the anterior 1/3 of the tongue? |
|
Definition
| chorda tympani of the facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands? |
|
Definition
| Chorda tympani. It carries the preganglionic GVE fibers to the submandibular ganglion. |
|
|
Term
| When would a mental nerve block be used? |
|
Definition
| When only the premolars and incisors need to be anesthetized. |
|
|
Term
| An IAN block might be accompanied by what other block? |
|
Definition
| A long buccal block. This would help numb the gingivae of mandibular molars. |
|
|
Term
| Which fiber types does VII have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two roots of VII? Which is larger? |
|
Definition
There is a motor root (big), which carries SVE fibers.
And the nervus intermedius (small), which carries GSA, GVE, and SVA fibers. |
|
|
Term
| Fibers from which brain stem nucleus circle around the abducent nucleus? |
|
Definition
| The motor nucleus of the facial nerve. |
|
|
Term
| Only one nucleus gives rise to GVA AND SVA fibers. What is it? |
|
Definition
| The nucleus of the solitary tract. (SVA superior. GVA inferior.) |
|
|
Term
| Facial GVA and SVA cell bodies are found where? To where do their axons project? |
|
Definition
| In the geniculate ganglion. To the solitary nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| From where do the facial nerve's GVE fibers emanate? |
|
Definition
| The superior salivatory nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe the course of chorda tympani. |
|
Definition
| It branches of VII in the petrous temporal, and traverses the middle ear cavity. It exits the cavity and then the skull through iter chordae anterius. It joins the lingual nerve of V3. |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve innervates stapedius? |
|
Definition
| Nerve to stapedius of the facial nerve. |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve synapses at the pterygopalatine ganglion? Which nerve synapses at the submandibular ganglion? |
|
Definition
pterygopalatine: Vidian (greater petrosal portion)
submandibular: chorda tympani
(both are branches of VII) |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fibers does chorda tympani carry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main branches of the trunk of the facial nerve (from the parotid plexus)? |
|
Definition
| Posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical |
|
|
Term
| What muscles does the facial nerve innervate in addition to the muscles of facial expression? |
|
Definition
| stapedius, stylohyoid, and the posterior digastric |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fibers does the deep petrosal nerve carry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers does the posterior auricular nerve of VII carry? |
|
Definition
| SVE and GSA. These are the only GSA fibers of VII. Innervates some skin on the concha and part of the typanic membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What are the major branches that VII gives rise to within the petrous temporal? |
|
Definition
| chorda tympani, nerve to stapedius, and the greater petrosal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fibers arise from the nucleus ambiguus? |
|
Definition
| SVE fibers for X and the "cranial root" of XI, so really just SVE fibers for X. |
|
|
Term
| From where does the spinal accessory nerve arise? |
|
Definition
| the lateral ventral horns of C1 to C5 |
|
|
Term
| What nerve might be lesioned during deep cervical lymph node dissection in the posterior triangle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the muscular branches of the cervical plexus innervate? |
|
Definition
| prevertebral muscles, anterior cervical muscles, and the diagphragm |
|
|
Term
| From what rami do the phrenic nerves arise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves innervate the infrahyoid strap muscles. |
|
Definition
C1: thyrohyoid
branches of ansa cervicalis: the rest |
|
|
Term
| What is the descendens hypoglossi? |
|
Definition
| It's the superior root of ansa cervicalis. It piggybacks along the hypoglossal nerve for a bit. |
|
|
Term
| What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus? |
|
Definition
| lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular |
|
|
Term
| Which rami supply the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus? |
|
Definition
| lesser occipital (C2), great auricular (C2, C3), transverse cervical (C2, C3), supraclavicular (C3, C4) |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible? |
|
Definition
| the great auricular nerve of the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| Where/what is Erb's point? |
|
Definition
| It's in the posterior triangle. It's the point at which all four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus can be anesthetized. (You might also get XI) |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers does XII contain? |
|
Definition
| Only GSE! Innervates most extrinsic and all intrinsic tongue muscles. |
|
|
Term
| From where do the hypoglossal rootlets arise? |
|
Definition
| The fibers come from the hypoglossal nucleus. They leave the brain at the pre-olivary sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves run in between the ICA and the IJV? |
|
Definition
| XII, X, C1, and the superior cervical ganglion. |
|
|
Term
| XII passes ____ to the posterior digastric. It passes above the free border of the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which extrinsic tongue muscle is not innervated by XII? |
|
Definition
| palatoglossus (innervated by pharyngeal branches of X) |
|
|
Term
| XII travels on the lateral surface of what muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| XII is inferior to what other two sensory nerves of the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What procedure makes XII vulnerable to lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which suprahyoid muscle is innervated directly by C1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If XII is lesioned, the patient will "_________". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are pelvic splanchnic nerves? |
|
Definition
| The sacral parasympathetic nerves arising from S2 to S4 |
|
|
Term
| If a sympathetic neuron passes out of the sympathetic chain without synapsing, where is it headed? |
|
Definition
| To synapse on the prevertebral ganglia or adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers often accompanying sympathetic fibers? How are they conveyed to the dorsal root? |
|
Definition
| Visceral afferents. They are conveyed via the white rami communicantes. They may stimulate GSA fibers in the roots, leading to referred pain. |
|
|
Term
| From where do the rootlets of IX emerge from the medulla? |
|
Definition
| Between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers does IX have? |
|
Definition
| SVA, GSA, GVE, SVE, and GVA |
|
|
Term
| From what nucleus do the SVA and GVA fibers of IX arise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From what nucleus do the GVE fibers of IX arise? |
|
Definition
| the inferior salivatory nucleus |
|
|
Term
| From what nucleus do the SVE fibers of IX arise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From what nucleus do the GSA fibers of IX arise? |
|
Definition
| the spinal trigeminal nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major branches given off by IX before descending into the deep neck? |
|
Definition
| The tympanic branch (re-enters skulls through tympanic canaliculus) and the carotid sinus branch. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers are in the tympanic nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the GVE branch of IX? |
|
Definition
| the lesser petrosal (from the tympanic) synapses at the otic ganglion, which innervates the parotid gland |
|
|
Term
| On which nerve do the postganglionic fibers of the otic ganglion piggyback? |
|
Definition
| the auriculotemporal of V3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gustatory sweating due to interruption of the lesser petrosal nerve. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers are in the carotid sinus nerve? |
|
Definition
| GVA for baroreceptors and chemoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves form the pharyngeal plexus? |
|
Definition
| glossopharyngeal and vagus and some sympathetics |
|
|
Term
| What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the gag reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve provides sensation to oropharyngeal mucosa and the tonsilar fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does IX enter the pharynx? |
|
Definition
| Between the superior and middle constrictors |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers does IX supply to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main branches of IX after it enters the oropharynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Like CN IX, the vagus leaves the medulla from the _____ by multiple rootlets. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kinds of fibers does the vagus have and from where do they arise? |
|
Definition
SVA (solitary nucleus)
GVA (solitary nucleus)
GSA (spinal trigeminal nucleus)
GVE (dorsal vagal nucleus)
SVE (nucleus ambiguus) |
|
|
Term
| What are the SVE branches of the vagus? |
|
Definition
| Pharyngeal (part of pharyngeal plexus), superior laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| Which pharyngeal and palatal muscles are not innervated by the vagus? |
|
Definition
| stylopharyngeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini (V3) |
|
|
Term
| Lesion of the ____ produces nasal speech and nasal reflux of liquids, as well as an abnormal ___ reflex. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle does the external branch of the superior laryngeal of the vagus innervate? |
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Definition
| the cricothyroid (parasympathetic) |
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Term
| Which muscles do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate? What do they wrap around? |
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Definition
They innervate the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid).
Left wraps around the aortic arch. Right wraps around the right subclavian. |
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Term
| What are the two cranial GSA branches of the vagus? |
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Definition
| the auricular (enters through mastoid canaliculus, and the meningeal |
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Term
| The auricular branch of CN X emerges from the temporal bone through the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerves mediates the pain of otitis externa? |
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Definition
| The auricular branch of the vagus (the only cutaneous branch of this nerve) |
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Term
| What does the auricular branch of the vagus innervate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What mucosa does the vagus innervate? |
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Definition
| Valleculae, piriform recesses, supraglottic larynx, laryngopharynx |
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Term
| Which branch of the vagus carries SVA fibers? Where does it enter the pharynx? |
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Definition
| The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. It pierces the thyrohyoid cartilage. |
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Term
| What do the GVA fibers of the vagus do? |
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Definition
| Many convey visceral pain from fore and midgut derivatives. There are also baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| Which plexuses do the GVE fibers of the vagus give rise to/participate in? |
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Definition
| the cardiac plexus, the pulmonary plexus, the esophageal plexus, the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus |
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Term
| The superficial cardiac plexus is located on the underside of the ___, while the deep cardiac plexus is located on the _______. |
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Definition
| aorta; tracheal bifurcation |
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Term
| What is another name for the visceral oculomotor nucleus? |
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Definition
| The Edinger-Westphal nucleus |
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Term
| What muscles does the superior branch of III supply? |
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Definition
| levator palpebrae superiorus and superior rectus |
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Term
| Which nerves provide the afferent and efferent limbs of the corneal (blink) reflex)? |
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Definition
afferent: V3
efferent: VII |
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Term
| What are the three branches of V2 within the infraorbital canal? |
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Definition
| MSAN, ASAN, and infraorbital |
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Term
| What are the three cutaneous branches of V2? |
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Definition
| the inferior palpebral, the external nasal, and the superior labial |
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Term
| What is the pterygopalatine nerve? |
|
Definition
| It's a branch of V2 in the pterygopalatine fossa that gives rise to the nasopalatine nerve and the greater and lesser palatine nerves |
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Term
| Nerve to tensor tympani and nerve to tensor veli palatini are both branches of what nerve? |
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Definition
| Nerve to medial pterygoid of V3 |
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Term
| There are four main sensory branches of V3. Which one does not arise from the posterior trunk of V3? |
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Definition
| The long buccal does not. It arises from the anterior trunk of V3. |
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|
Term
| Which SVE branch of V3 is a branch of the inferior alveolar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of sympathetic nerves do not synapse on the paravertebral chain? |
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Definition
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