Term
| What are the two general components of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| Central and Peripheral Nervous systems |
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many pairs of cranial nerves exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Autonomic Nervous system is composed of what two categories? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
| What types of nerves are motor nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of nerves are sensory nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Identify the structures |
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Definition
1.Ventral horn
2.Dorsal horn
3.Dorsal Rootlets
4.Dorsal Root
5.Dorsal Ramus
6.Ventral Ramus
7.Spinal nerve
8.Ventral Root
9.Ventral Rootlets
10.Dorsal Root ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
| the sense of relative position of neighboring parts of the body as well as strength of effort deployed in movement |
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Term
| What is the Synapse Decussation in the Medulla and what is its significance? |
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Definition
The synapse decussation in the medulla is a point where nerve fibers cross over and switch sides.
This is clinically important as lesions below the decussation (for all somatic reflexes except 3) will cause same side (Epsilateral) loss of function whereas lesions above the decussation will cause contralateral loss of function |
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Term
| What are the three senses that do no cross over in the medulla decussation? |
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Definition
| Pain, Temperature, and Gross Touch |
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Term
| What are Dermatomes and what are their clinical significance? |
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Definition
| An area of skin supplied by only one nerve is a dermatome. These regions are useful clinically as they can help determine damage to particular nerves or referred pain. |
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Term
| From where do sympathetic nerves originate? |
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Definition
| From T1-L2(conus medullaris) |
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Term
| From where do parasympathetic nerves originate? |
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Definition
Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10
Sacral nerves 2, 3, and 4 |
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Term
| What does the parasympathetic system enervate? |
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Definition
| The parasympathetic system enervates: cardiac muscle(heart), smooth muscle (organs), and glands (but not sweat glands) |
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Term
| What does the sympathetic system enervate? |
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Definition
Cardiac Muscle(heart), Smooth Muscle(organs), Glands, Hair follicles, and Blood vessels
This creates the distinction that the sympathetic system reaches extremities but the parasympathetic does not |
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Term
| What is the general function of the sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
fight-or-flight, as well as homeostasis
increase heart rate
decrease peristalsis
vasoconstriction
stimulate arrector pili (hair stand up)
Dilates pupils
Retention of urine
ejaculation |
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Term
| What is the general function of the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
rest-and-digest, as well as homeostasis
decrease heart rate
increase peristalsis
constrict pupil
release urine
Erection |
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Term
| How many paravertebral ganglion exist for the cervical nerves? |
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Definition
3 ganglion they consist of:
Superior cervical
Middle cervical
Inferior cervical |
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Term
| Visceral pain is mostly carried by which fibers? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic Afferent (although pelvis is the exception) |
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Term
| What differentiates sympathetic efferent nerve fibers from somatic efferent nerve fibers? |
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Definition
Sympathetic efferent nerve fibers synapse outside of the spinal cord in paravertebral ganglion.
Afferent sympathetic nerves behave much like Afferent sympathetic nerves (follow efferents back and synapse at the dorsal root ganglion) |
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Term
| The dorsal root contains which nerve fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ventral root contains which nerve fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This is the event of visceral pain being expressed on the skin. Dermatomes can be used in this situation to track the pain and figure out what organ is affected |
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Term
[image]
Identify the structures |
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Definition
1.Ventral Ramus
2.White Ramus Communicans
3.Paravertebral Ganglion
4.Grey Ramus Communicans
5.Sympathetic trunk
6.Spinal nerve
7.Dorsal Ramus
Remember: White Ramus Communicans goes into the Ventral Ramus |
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Term
| The White Ramus Communicans contains mostly what kind of fibers? |
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Definition
| Pre-ganglionic and therefore myelinated fibers |
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Term
| The Gray Ramus Communicans contains mostly what kind of fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can one expect to find White Rami Communicans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can one expect to find Grey Rami Communicans? |
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Definition
| Along the entire sympathetic trunk, wherever paravertebral ganglia can be detected |
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Term
| Where do sympathetic fibers for C1-C8 come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do sympathetic fibers for L3-Cocc1 come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are sympathetic splanchnic nerves? |
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Definition
| Pre-ganglionic nerves that go to body cavities. Efferent splanchnic nerves synapse at the prevertebral ganglion. |
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Term
| Which Splanchnic Nerves are parasympathetic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are prevertebral ganglion found? |
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Definition
| In nerve plexuses situated away from the sympathetic trunk such as the aortic and the hypogastric plexus |
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Term
| Sympathetic Splanchnic nerves that synapse at the Aortic Plexus originate from where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves synapse? |
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Definition
| In ganglion and plexi within the organ. Called Enteric Ganglia |
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Term
| Sympathetic Splanchnic nerves that synapse at the Hypogastric plexus originate from where? |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Identify the structures |
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Definition
1. Aortic Plexus
2.Superior Hypogastric Plexus
3.Right and Left Hypogastric nerves
4.Inferior Hypogastric Plexus |
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