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Nervous System
Organization of the nervous system
42
Anatomy
Professional
09/18/2010

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Cards

Term
3 Functions of the Nervous System
Definition

  1. receives info in the form of stimuli
  2. processes and stores info
  3. generates and coordinates a response to stimuli

Term

How many cranial nerves and where do they attach?

Spinal nerves?

Definition

  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves - attach to brain, except CN XI
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves - attach to spinal cord

Term
Gray matter
Definition
a concentration of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
Term
White Matter
Definition
made up largely of myelinated axons
Term
nucleus
Definition
a functionally organized aggregation of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
Term
tract/ fasciculus
Definition
a bundle of functionally related axons in the CNS
Term
Funiculus/ peduncle/ column
Definition
a group of several tracts in the CNS
Term
ganglion
Definition
a functionally organized aggregation of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Term
Root/ nerve/ ramus
Definition
a bundle of axons in the PNS
Term
Motor Unit
Definition
a single neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates
Term
afferent
Definition
sensory - toward the CNS
Term
efferent
Definition
motor - away from CNS
Term
cerebral hemispheres
Definition
location of higher centers, perception, CN I
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
location of motor and sensory relay nuclei, CN II
Term
Midbrain
Definition
location of pathways, CN III and IV and their nuclei
Term
Pons
Definition
location of pathways especially to cerebellum, CN V - VIII and nuclei
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
"little brain" - involved in coordination of muscle movement and balance
Term
Medulla
Definition
location of pathways, CN IX, X, and XII
Term
Name the 12 CN
Definition

  1. Olfactory
  2. optic
  3. oculomotor
  4. trochlear
  5. trigeminal
  6. abducens
  7. facial
  8. vestibulocochlear
  9. glossopharyngeal
  10. vagus
  11. spinal accessory nerve
  12. hypoglossal

Term
CN I
Definition
Olfactory - special sense of smell, actually a CNS tract
Term
CN II
Definition
optic - special sense of vision, actually a CNS tract
Term

CN III

 

Definition
oculomotor - motor to some intrinsic (smooth) and most extrinsic (skeletal) eye muscles
Term
CN IV
Definition
trochlear - motor to one extraocular eye muscle (superior oblique)
Term
CN V
Definition
trigeminal - 3 main divisions; great sensory innervation to the face and motor supply to the muscles of the mastication
Term
CN VI
Definition
abducens - motor to one extraocular eye muscle (lateral rectus)
Term
CN VII
Definition
facial - motor to the muscles of facial expression, taste from the tongue
Term
CN VIII
Definition
vestibulocochlear - special sense of balance and hearing
Term
CN IX
Definition
glossopharyngeal - motor and sensory to pharynx, sensory to tongue
Term
CN X
Definition
vagus - the "wanderer", motor and sensory to the viscera of the pharynx, larynx, thoracic cavity and much of the abdominal cavity
Term
CN XI
Definition
spinal accessory nerve - arises from the upper spinal cord to supply the sternocleidomastiods and trapezius muscles
Term
CN XII
Definition
hypoglossal - motor to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Term
vertebral canal
Definition
successive vertebral foramina
Term
3 "specially shaped" areas of the spinal cord
Definition

  1. cervical enlargement - C5-T1, correspond to the sites where neural tissue (nerve cell bodies and axons) serving the upper extremities are located.
  2. Lumbosacral enlargement - L4-S3, where the extra neural tissue is needed to serve the lower extremities.
  3. Conus medullaris - the tapered caudal end of the cord, ending around L1-L2.

Term
dermatome
Definition
sensory portion of SN
Term
myotome
Definition
motor portion of SN
Term
Describe spinal cord length vs. vertebral column length
Definition
Late in embryonic development, the spinal cord and vertebral column are equal in length. after birth the vertebral column continues to grow, whereas the the spinal cord does not. Spinal cord end changes from L3 (birth) to L1-L2 (adult).
Term
cauda equina
Definition
collection of nerve roots that are inferior to the spinal cord
Term
Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal superiorly or inferiorly to the corresponding vertebra pedicles?
Definition
inferiorly, except SNs C1-C7
Term

Where is the intermediolateral horn seen?

What is its function?

Definition

T1-L2 and S2-S4

 

part of autonomic nervous system

Term
Describe the ends of the dura mater
Definition

Cranially, it is continuous with the dura that lies within the cranial vault.

 

Caudally, it extends as a sac that ends at S2, attaching to PLL and the periosteum of S2.

 

Laterally, continuous with the epineurium (outer covering) of each spinal nerve within the vertebral foramen - dura sleeve for protection during movement

Term
trabeculae
Definition
extend centrally from the arachnoid membrane centrally across the subarachnoid space to attach to the pia mater
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