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Nervous System
N/A
24
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/01/2017

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Cards

Term
Functions
Definition
Feeling, Thinking, remembering, moving, being aware of the world, and maintain homeostasis
Term
Nerves
Definition

masses of neurons

structual and functional units of the nervous system

specialized to react to phyzical and chemical changes in their surroundings

Term
Nerve Impluses
Definition

The way neurons transmit information

Electrochemical changes

Term
*Typical Neuron structure
Definition

Rounded area called cell body

Two extensions

Dendrites-May be numerous and they recieve electrochemical messages

Axons-usually one and send messages 

Term
Nerves
Definition
bundle of axons
Term
Neurologlial cells
Definition
supporting cells (similar to connective tissue in other organs)
Term
Central Nevous System (CNS)
Definition
Brain and Spinal Cord
Term
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Definition
Peripheral nerves (connects CNS to other body parts)
Term
Together these systems provide 3 general functions:
Definition
sensory, integrative, and motor
Term
Sensory receptors
Definition

found at the ends of the peripher neurons

these gather information by detecting changes inside and outside the body 

monitor external environment

light and sound

monitor internal enviornment

temperature and oxygen concentration

Term
the sensory receptors also
Definition

convert information inot nerve impluses and sent to CNS

create sensations

add to memory 

help produce thoughts

translate sensations in perceptions (integrative) 

make consious or subconscious decisions (if we act on those decisions- motor) 

Term
the perpipheral neurons also send signals from CNS
Definition

to effectors

including muscles that contract 

including glads that secrete 

Term
Motor functions can be divided into 2 categories
Definition

1) Somatic nervous system

-Consciously controlled

-Control skeletal muscle

2) Autonomic nervous system

-Involuntary 

-heart

-smooth muscle (blood vessels)

-various glands

Term
Neurons
Definition

vary in size and shape, but all have common features.

- Cell body, dendrites and axon

Term
Cell Body
Definition

Consists of:

-Cytoplasm

-Cell membrane

-Organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosome, golgi, and neurofibrils)

 -Neurofibrils extend into axon

-Nucleus

Term
Dendrites
Definition

Short

highly branched 

mainreceptive surface

communicate with axons from other neurons

Term
Axon
Definition

axon hillock (sligh elevation of cell body)

conducts impulses away from cell body

may have extensions near theend 

larger axons (of PNS)

*enclosed in schwann cells

*layer composed of melin (liquid protein)

~form myelin around axon

*nodes of ranvier: gaps in myelin sheath between shwann cells

-Myelinated: axons with myelin sheaths 

*appear white (white matter of CNS)

-Unmyelinated: lack sheaths

*form gray matter within CNS

Term
When peripher nerves are damaged
Definition
axons often regenerate
Term
Bipolar
Definition

2 processes

~one is axon, one is dendrite

specialized parts of eyes, nose, and ears

Term
Unipolar
Definition

single process 

single axon 

one branch is associated with peripheral body part

other enters brain or spinal cord

Term
Multipolar
Definition

Many processes 

only on is axon

most neurons within brain and spinal cord

Term
Sensory neurons
Definition
Carry informations from peripheral body part to bain or spinal cord
Term
Interneurons
Definition

lie entirely within brain or spinal cord 

link other neurons

Term
Motor neurons
Definition
carry messages out of brain or spinal cord to effectors
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