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Nervous system
System
19
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/05/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

functions of nervous system 

 

Definition
touch, temp, taste, sound
Term
integration
Definition
processing sensory input and initiating responses
Term
homeostasis
Definition

regulatory and coordinating all bodies system

 

Term
mental activity
Definition
consciousness, thinking, memory, adn emotion
Term
divisions of NS
Definition

1. central NS- brian and spinal cord

2. Peripheral NS(PNS)- sensory receptors , nerves, ganglia, and plexuses

::sensort receptors-endings of nerve cell or specialized cells that detect light, temp, pain, sound , pressure

:nerve-connect CNS to sensory receptors

::ganglion- collection of neuron bodies located outside the CNS

::plexus- extensive network of axons and neurons bodies outside CNS

Term
PNS can be divided into 2 parts
Definition

sensory

-transmit action potential fom sensory receptors to CNS

motor

- transmit action potentails from CNS to organs or musckes

Term

PNS

motor 2 divisions

 

 

Definition

somatic nrevous system - transmitss action potential to skeletal muscles

:voluntary control (SKELETAL )

autonomic NS- involuntary control (cardiac, smooth0
:sympathetic division - prepares body for physical activity

:Parasympathetic divisions- regulate resting functions

 

Term
Cells of NS
Definition

Made of of neurons adn neuroglia cells

-neurons

::dendrites-short, branched cytoplasmic ectensions, input part of neuron

::axon- signle, export part of neuron, forms branches

-neuroglia 

::more numerous than neurons, major supporting cells of CNS

 

Term

6 types of nueroglia AkA CNS

1-4 in brain

5-6 outside

 

Definition

1. astrocytes- star shapes adn used to spread over

::blood vessels and neurons

::extensive sytoskelten extensive cytoskeleton, used fo rsupporting 

::helps blood (barrier)

2. ependymal cells

::line ventricles of brian and central canal of spinal cord

::form choroid plexus

3. Microglia

::mobile and phagocytic cells that destroy dead brain cells

4. oligodendrocytes

::cells that surround axons

::form myelin sheath

5. Shwann cells

:wrap around axon of PNS

6. Satellite cells

::surround neurons bodies for support and nutrient supply

 

Term
myelinated axons
Definition

extension from schwann cells or oligodendrocytes that surround axon 

::phospholipids adn appear white 

::nodes of ranvier

::protects and electrically insulates
::faster than unmyelinated 

Term

organization of nervous tissue

 

Definition

-bundles of parallel axons with myelin sheaths are white, called white matter (FASTER)

-neuronal bodies adn unmyelinated bodies called grey matter (SLOWER)

-white matter makes nerve tracts

-gray matter performs integration and relay function

 

Term

spinal cord

define

extensions?

 

 

 

Definition

communication link between brain and PNS

-extends from foramen magnum to second Lumbar vertebrare

-31 pairs of spinal nerves

-conus medullaries - conelike region where spinal cord terminates (inferior)

-cauda equina- formation of nerves that leave cornus medullaris

Term
meanigns of spinal cord
Definition

connective tissue 

-superficial and thickest is DURA MATER

-EPIDERAL SPACE-between vertebral canal and outside of dura mater

-Subdural space_located insdie dura mater , has fluid

-arachnoid mater- thin, cobweb like layer

_piamater- bound to surface of spinal cord

 

Term
reflex ark
Definition

smallest , simplest part of NS capable of recieving stimuli, producing a responce

 

Term
automatic responce
Definition

w/o conscious thought

-function

::move body from painful stimuli

::keep body from falling b/c of external stimuli

----blood pressure, water intake

Term

stretch reflex

 

Definition

-muscle will contract in responce to a stretch 

-once muscle is stretched, sensory neurons fire to spinal cord

-sensory neurons connect with alpha motor neurons , which contract the muscle , stopping the stech

Term

BRAIN 

brianstem

Definition
-brainstem-connects spinal cord to remainder of brain
Term
medulla oblingata (MEDULLA)
Definition

-most inferior part of brian stem

---continuous with spinal cord

::involved in regualtion of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupnig, couching, adn sneezing

 

 

 

Two enlargments called PYRIMDS

- descending nerve tracts used in conscous control of skeletal muscle 

-near inferior portion of nerve tracts switch sies (DECUSSATE)

-each half of brain controls opposite side of body

-two olives of medulla

--olives are nuclei which control balance, coordinaton and sound from inner ear

 

Term

pons

 

Definition

superior to medulla

--contains assending and descending nere tracts

---conains pontine b=nuclei---relays information fom cerebrum to cerebellum, 

---includes pontine sleep center adn respiratory center, helps control respiratory movements

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