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Nervous System
n/a
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/27/2012

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Cards

Term
Cytoarchitecture
Definition
Map of cellular architecture of cortex
Term
Brodmann's Areas
Definition
Divides brain into approximately 50 regions; serves as standard for referring to specific brain areas by number
Term
Purpose of Convoluted Brain Surface
Definition
Allows for a large cellular area within a limited cranial space
Term
Gyri
Definition
Cortical ridges
Term
Sulci
Definition
Cortical grooves
Term
Fissures
Definition
Deep cortical grooves
Term
Primary Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
Definition
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Term
Secondary Lobe of the Cerebral Cortex
Definition
Insular
Term
Homunculus
Definition
Disproportionate representation of the brain areas responsible for sensory and motor of each part of the body; somatotopical organization
Term
Left Hemisphere
Definition
Dominant for language and speech, processes brief-duration stimuli, detailed analysis, and processing verbal memory
Term
Right Hemisphere
Definition
Superior at processing pragmatic skills, visual and spatial concepts, music, emotions, and Gestalt processing
Term
Association Areas
Definition
Regions of highest cognitive processing; permit information to flow among the various processing sites, effectively connecting modalities
Term
Three Major Association Areas
Definition
Temporal-occipital-parietal (TOP) association cortex, limbic association cortex, and prefrontal association cortex
Term
Upper Calcarine Operculum
Definition
Receives information from the lower visual fields
Term
Lower Calcarine Operculum
Definition
Receives information from the upper visual fields
Term
Primary Somatosensory Area
Definition
All modalities of somatic sensation are received
Term
Secondary Somatosensory Area
Definition
Sensations are elaborated to awareness
Term
Primary Visual Cortex
Definition
Where info from the retina is projected; divided into the upper and lower calcarine operculum by calcarine fissure
Term
Secondary Visual Cortex
Definition
Responsible for higher visual functions, such as recognition of object, appreciation of its significance in context of personal experiences, and visual memory; important in ability to read
Term
Visual Agnosia
Definition
Patient cannot recognize an object despite normal visual perception; due to lesion in the secondary visual cortex
Term
Prosopagnosia
Definition
Impaired ability to recognize faces
Term
Primary Auditory Area
Definition
Heschl's gyrus; receives auditory projections from both ears; tonotopically organized
Term
Secondary Auditory Area
Definition
Specific features of speech signal (such as formant transitions, formant frequencies, and stop-consonant durations) are identified through analysis of acoustic signal
Term
Wernicke's Area
Definition
Secondary auditory area in the left hemisphere; concerned with analysis and elaboration of speech sounds and verbal memory
Term
Secondary Auditory Area in Right Hemisphere
Definition
Primarily concerned with perception of nonverbal material, such as music and environmental sounds
Term
Three Phases of a Voluntary Motor Act
Definition
Identify target, make motor plan, execute motor plan
Term
Identification of Target
Definition
Posterior parietal lobe
Term
Making Motor Plan
Definition
Secondary motor area, Broca's area
Term
Executing Motor Plan
Definition
Primary motor area
Term
Damage to Broca's Area
Definition
Verbal Apraxia
Term
Three Major Association Ares
Definition
Temporal-Occipital-Parietal Association Cortex, Limbic Association Cortex, Prefrontal Association Cortex
Term
Temporal-Occipital-Parietal Association Cortex
Definition
Integrates information from the auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortexes
Term
Regions of Limbic Association Area
Definition
regions of parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, cingulate gyri, and orbital surfaces
Term
Limbic Association Area
Definition
Involved with motivation, emotion, and memory, making it an ideal association area
Term
Prefrontal Association Area
Definition
Contributes to various cognitive functions such as reasoning, abstract thinking, self-monitoring, decision making, planning, and pragmatic behaviors
Term
TOP Lesions
Definition
Disorders of reading (alexia), writing (agraphia), and calculation (acalculia)
Term
Prefrontal Association Area Lesions
Definition
Cause patients to be frequently impulsive, uninhibited, apathetic, confused, or have poor initiation
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
Contain commissural fibers that are association fibers that travel across the midline and connect both hemispheres
Term
Parts of the Corpus Callosum
Definition
Rostrum, genu, body, and splenium
Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
Important in regulating motor functions and muscle tone
Term
Basal Ganglia Nuclei
Definition
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum, and amygdaloid nucleus
Term
Basal Ganglia Lesion
Definition
Produces involuntary movement, Parkinson's Disease
Term
Brainstem
Definition
Midbrain, pons, medulla
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Contributes to maintenance of equilibrium and coordination of motor activity by modifying cortical motor functions
Term
Cerebellum Lesions
Definition
Leads to mild weakness, intention tremors, paucity of movement, ataxia (muscular incoordination), and impaired equilibrium
Term
Spinal Cord
Definition
Transmission link between brain and body; bidirectional pathway
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Contain CSF; lateral, third, and fourth
Term
CSF Function
Definition
Cushion and protection for the brain and spinal cord
Term
Choroid plexus
Definition
Location where CSF is produced
Term
Brain Meninges
Definition
(epidural space) Dura, (subdural space) Arachnoid, (subarachnoid space) Pia
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