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Nervous System
Nervous system
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/07/2009

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Term
1. What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?
Definition
sensory, integrative, and motor function
Term
2. Which function senses changes in the internal and external environment?
Definition
sensory function
Term
3. Which function analyzes the changes and makes decisions on what should happen?
Definition
integrative function
Term
4. Which function responds to the stimuli after a decision is made?
Definition
motor function
Term
5. What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system?
Definition
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Term
6. What does the central nervous system consist of?
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
7. What are some examples of structures found in the peripheral nervous system?
Definition
sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses
Term
8. What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Definition
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Term
9. What controls skeletal muscle?
Definition
somatic nervous system
Term
10. What controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
Definition
autonomic nervous system
Term
11. Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
voluntary
Term
12. Is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
involuntary
Term
13. What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Definition
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Term
14. Which division of the autonomic N.S. is activated during times of physical activity or stress ("fight or flight")?
Definition
sympathetic division
Term
15. Which division of the autonomic N.S. controls resting and non-stressful situations ("rest and digest")?
Definition
parasympathetic division
Term
16. Which division of the autonomic N.S. will cause rapid heart rate, rapid and deep breathing, cold/sweaty skin, and dilated pupils when activated?
Definition
sympathetic division
Term
17. What are the 2 major types of cells found in the nervous system?
Definition
neurons and glial cells
Term
18. What are the supporting cells of the nervous system?
Definition
glial cells (neuroglia)
Term
19. What are the 6 types of glial cells?
Definition
astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and satellite cells
Term
20. What are electrical impulses called?
Definition
action potentials
Term
21. What cells conduct action potentials from one part of the body to another?
Definition
neurons (nerve cells)
Term
22. What are the three parts of a neuron?
Definition
soma (cell body), dendrites, and axons
Term
23. What does the soma of a neuron contain?
Definition
nucleus, organelles, and cytosol
Term
24. What are clusters of cell bodies (neurons) in the CNS called?
Definition
nuclei
Term
25. What are clusters of cell bodies (neurons) in the PNS called?
Definition
ganglia
Term
26. What part of the neuron receives electrical impulses?
Definition
dendrites
Term
27. What part of the neuron carries impulses away from the soma?
Definition
axon
Term
28. What are the bulb shaped ends of the axon called?
Definition
presynaptic terminals
Term
29. What do the presynaptic terminals contain?
Definition
synaptic vesicles
Term
30. What is stored in synaptic vesicles?
Definition
neurotransmitters
Term
31. What are the chemical messengers of the nervous system?
Definition
nerotransmitters
Term
32. What surrounds axons and functions to insulate and speed up the conduction of nervous impulses?
Definition
myelin sheaths
Term
33. In the CNS, myelin sheaths are formed by what?
Definition
oligodendrocytes
Term
34. In the PNS, myelin sheaths are formed by what?
Definition
Schwann cells
Term
35. What are interruptions in the myelin sheath where adjacent glial cells meet?
Definition
nodes of Ranvier
Term
36. What are the 2 types of channels found in abundance at the node of Ranvier?
Definition
sodium and potassium channels
Term
37. What is the term used to describe the way action potentials travel along the axons of myelinated neurons?
Definition
saltatory conduction
Term
38. What is the term used to describe the way action potentials travel along the axons of unmyelinated neurons?
Definition
continuous conduction
Term
39. The region of the CNS that is white matter consists mainly of what type of axons?
Definition
myelinated axons
Term
40. The region of the CNS that is gray matter consists mainly of what?
Definition
cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
Term
41. What are the 3 functional classifications of neurons?
Definition
sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
Term
42. What type of neurons conduct action potentials toward the CNS?
Definition
sensory (afferent) neurons
Term
43. What type of neurons conduct action potentials away from the CNS?
Definition
motor (efferent) neurons
Term
44. What type of neurons conduct action potentials from one neuron to another within the CNS?
Definition
interneurons
Term
45. What are the 3 structural classifications of neurons?
Definition
multipolar, bipolar, unipolar neurons
Term
46. What is a highly specialized junction between two cells that functions in cell to cell communication?
Definition
a synapse
Term
47. What are the 2 two types of synapses?
Definition
electrical and chemical
Term
48. Which type of synapse is also called a gap juncton?
Definition
electrical synapse
Term
49. What are the three essential components in a chemical synapse?
Definition
presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane
Term
50. What does the presynaptic terminal release?
Definition
neurotransmitters
Term
51. What is a neurotransmitter and what does it do?
Definition
a chemical messenger that functions to open or close channels
Term
52. What is the space between the presynaptic terminal and the cell that it synpses with?
Definition
synaptic cleft
Term
53. What is the membrane after the synaptic cleft?
Definition
postsynaptic membrane
Term
54. What is the function of a chemical synapse?
Definition
to transfer an action potential from the presynaptic terminal to the postsynaptic membrane
Term
55. What is the function of an electrical synapse?
Definition
to transfer an action potential from one cell to another through a gap junction
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