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Nervous system path revision (L1)
Nervous system revision (L1)
27
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
03/15/2012

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Term
Grey matter
Definition
Cell bodies of neurons and glial cells surrounded by neutropil.
External in cranium, internal in SC.
Term
Neutropil
Definition
A meshwork of cell processes from neurons (i.e. the dendrites) and glial cells and lightly myelinated axons
Term
White Matter
Definition
Myelinated axons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.
Internal in cranium, external in SC.
Term
Neuronal structure
Definition
Dendrites, axon and cell body
Term
Neurones - requirements / important features
Definition
-in the CNS do not regenerate
-in the PNS have ltd ability to regenerate
-molecules have to be actively transported up and down the axon to the cell body
-they are highly susceptible to injury
Term
Why are neurones highly susceptible to injury?
Definition
have a high met. rate and E demand with little reserve capacity
-highly dependent of a continuous blood supply for oxygen and glucose
Term
Types of glia
Definition
Astrocytes (macroglia)
Oligondendrocytes (macroglia)
Microglia
Term
Astrocytes structure
Definition
appear in the neutropil as cells with rel. large nuclei with dispersed and clumpy chromatin
Term
Astrocyte function
Definition
-regulate CNS environment
(incl. BBB and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance)
-structural support
(incl. guiding neuronal development, insulation of nodes of Ranvier)
-inflam and repair in CNS
(main cell involved in repain in CNS and have immunomodulatory potential)
Term
Oligodendrocyte function
Definition
-regulate perineuronal environment
-myelinate axons
Term
Satellitosis
Definition
the appearance of incr. oligodendrocytes around neurons (in response to injury)
Term
Myelination by oligondendrocytes
Definition
one oligodendrocyte may have multiple processes that may attach at mulitple points to multiple different neurons
Term
Microglia
Definition
macrophage-like cells
Term
Microglia function
Definition
-CNS development (by phagocytosis and removal of cells during maturation and remodelling)
-immune responses, inflam and degenerative changes (by phagocytosis)
Term
Ependymal cells
Definition
line, and move CSF through, the ventricular system
Term
Ependymal cell function
Definition
regulatory and metabolic roles
-permit passage of molc. to/from the CNS and neutropil
-secretion and absorption of CSF
-phagocytosis/endocytosis and detoxification
Term
CSF function
Definition
-provides nutrients
-removes waste products
-protects against trauma
Term
Schwann cells
Definition
Surround myleinated and unmyelinated axons in the PNS and form myelin sheaths
Term
Schwann cell myelination
Definition
Each Schwann cell forms a single internode on a single axon
Term
Schwann cell function
Definition
-maintenance of axons
-regeneration of axons in PNS
Term
Perineural cells
Definition
-in PNS, fibroblasts within collagen surrounding nerve bundles
Term
Epineural cells
Definition
In PNS, fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells
Term
Defence mechanisms in CNS
Definition
-external coverings and CSF
-glia limitans
-BBB
-blood CSF barrier
-immune cell populations
Term
Glia limitans
Definition
-layer of astrocytic proceses and fibres froming a layer adjacent to the pia mater and covering the brain and SC
Term
BBB components
Definition
-endothelial cells and basement memb.
-astrocyte foot processes
Term
Blood CSF barrier
Definition
tight junction of ependymal choroid plexus epithelial cells
Term
Portals of entry of injurious agents in the CNS
Definition
-haematogenous (most common)
-direct extension from adjeacnt structures
-leukocyte trafficking e.g. FeLV
-axonal transport e.g. Rabies virus, Listeria monocytogenes
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