Term
| thickening of nervous tissue during embryogenesis |
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Definition
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Term
| during embryogenesis, it develops in the neural plate and pushes on the tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tube closes dorsally and comes together to form a complete tube |
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Term
| What forms from the neural crest? |
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Definition
| 1. dorsal root ganglia, 2. sensory ganglia associated with cranial nerves, 3. autonomic ganglia, 4. adrenal medulla cells |
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Term
| collection of cell bodies outside the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| during primary vesicle stage-the most rostral part that forms the forebrain |
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Definition
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Term
| during primary vesicle stage-the middle part-forms the midbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| during primary vesicle stage-most caudal part-forms hindbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary vesicle stage-most rostral part that develops from the proenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary vesicle stage-second most rostral part-formed from proenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary vesicle stage-middle part that develops from the mesenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| seconary vesicle stage that is second most caudal-forms from rhombenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| secondary vesicle stage-most caudal part-forms from rhombenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| fluid filled cavity part of brain-hollow spaces filled with ventricular fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricles with left and right parts within the telencephalon (vent. #1 and #2) |
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Definition
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Term
| communication between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricle at level of diencephalon, circular shape |
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Definition
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Term
| structure caudal to the third ventricle-fluid flows to the 4th ventricle through this |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricle around cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
| the left and right openings of the 4th ventricle |
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Definition
| lateral apertures (foramena of lusca) |
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Term
| where does the fluid that flows through the lateral apertures go? |
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Definition
| fluid goes to subarachnoid space |
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Term
| caudal opening of the 4th ventricle |
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Definition
| caudal aperture (foramen of magende) |
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Term
| where does the fluid that flows through the caudal aperture go? |
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Definition
| fluid goes to spinal chord |
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Term
| opening at the rostral end where the neural tube hasn't fused |
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Definition
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Term
| opening at the caudal end of the neural tube that hasn't fused |
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Definition
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Term
| condition where the rostral neuropore fails to fully close |
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Definition
| anencephali-means without brain |
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Term
| condition where caudal neuropore fails to fully close |
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Definition
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Term
| brain flexure that is at the ventral tube |
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Definition
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Term
| brain flexure at the dorsal tube |
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Definition
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Term
| brain flexure at about the junction of the brain stem and spinal chord |
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Definition
cervical
Note: degree of bend depends on species (ex. dog has almost no bend, human has 90 degree bend) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| features of both CNS and PNS |
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Term
| outer most layer of the spinal chord formed by processes |
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Definition
| marginal layer (white matter) |
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Term
| middle layer of the spinal chord made up of cell bodies |
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Definition
| mantle layer (gray matter) |
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Term
| deepest layer of the spinal chord made up of ependyma (epi cells) |
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Definition
| germinal layer (ependymal layer) |
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Term
| the limiting groove of the spinal chord, separates cells with seonsory function from cells with motor |
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Definition
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Term
| the dorsal plate of the spinal chord-has sensory function |
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Definition
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Term
| ventral plate of the spinal chord with motor function |
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Definition
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Term
| gray matter on the surface of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| gray matter under the surface of the brain (groups of cells) |
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Definition
| subcortical gray matter (nucleus) |
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Term
| matter located deep to the cortical grey matter that is organized in tracts |
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Definition
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Term
| gray matter arrangement in the spinal chord |
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Definition
| arranged in dorsal/ventral/lateral horns |
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Term
| white matter arrangement in the spinal chord |
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Definition
| surrounds the gray matter on the surface |
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Term
| gray matter in the peripheral nervous system includes: |
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Definition
| 1. dorsal root ganglia, 2. autonomic ganglia, 3. ganglia of sensory cranial nerves, 4. ganglia of motor cranial nerves |
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Term
| white matter in the PNS includes: |
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Definition
| axons from cell bodies (everything else) |
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Term
| division of myelencephalon that is most rostral on the ventral surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| only caudal part is in the myelencephalon-tube doesn't fuse completely and formes it |
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Definition
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Term
| identifying feature of metencephalon on the ventral side |
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Definition
| transverse fibers of the pons |
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Term
| dorsal projection of the metencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| cerebellum connected by this, 3 pairs on each side, connects cerebellum to brain stem |
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Definition
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Term
| cranial portion of the ventricle is in the metencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| stalk like bundles on the ventral side of the mesencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 bumps found on the lateral side of the mesencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 bumps on the lateral side of the mesencephalon (caudal) |
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Definition
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Term
| collective structure of both rostral and caudal colliculus |
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Definition
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Term
| area on top of mesencephalon with rounded surfaces-the roof portion |
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Definition
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Term
| the floor of the mesencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| space that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle-passage for cerebral spinal fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| components of diencephalon |
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Definition
| 1. thalamus, 2. epithalamus, 3. metathalamus, 4. subthalamus, 5. hypothalamus |
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Term
| the rostral part of the diencephalon where optic nerves enter and cross |
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Definition
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Term
| the caudal extent of the diencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| on the lateral side of the diencephalon-bundles that run over it |
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Definition
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Term
| lateral and medial parts that make up the metathalmus near the optic tract |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricle with the diencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| the large nuclear area of the diencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| along the dorsal midline of the diencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| the glue that attaches the diencephalon to the mesencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| the part of the diencephalon that can be seen ventrally |
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Definition
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Term
| the part of the brain that forms a cap over the rostral brain stem |
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Definition
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Term
| left and right parts of the telecephalon |
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Definition
| cerebral hemisperes=cerebrum |
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Term
| ventricles within the 2 cerebral hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| coordinate internal environment based on external stimuli-controls viceral activity and emotional behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic (in opposition of eachother) |
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Term
| what is the central control of the ANS |
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Definition
| hypothalmus (3rd neuron that regulates) |
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Term
| name of the type of innervation where norepinephrine is the target neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Term
| name of the type of innervation where actylcholine is the target neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Term
| what neurotransmitter is released at the ganglia where the pre and post fiber synapse |
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Definition
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Term
| the ANS devision responsible for fight or flight |
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Definition
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Term
| where the sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are found |
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Definition
| lateral horn of the thoracolumbar |
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Term
| ganglia next to the vertebral column, part of the sympathetic trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| name the paravertebral ganglion |
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Definition
| 1. cervicothoracic, 2. middle cervical, 3. cranial cervical |
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Term
| ganglia found in front of vertebral column, associated with major vessels of aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| name the prevertebral ganglia |
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Definition
| 1. celiac, 2. cranial mesenteric, 3. caudal mesenteric, 4. other (close to the adrenal gland, scattered along aorta, scattered along kidney) |
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Term
| the communicating branch that takes sympathetic innervation from origin to the periphery (communcation b/t sympathetic and spinal nerves) |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation to the sweat glands |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation to erector pili muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation to smooth muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| examples of pregang. sympathetic named nerves |
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Definition
| major and minor splanchic nerves, lumbar splanchic nerves |
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Term
| examples of post gang. sympathetic named nerves |
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Definition
| hypogastric nerves, vertebral nerves |
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Term
| ANS devition for rest and recovery |
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Definition
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Term
| where cells are located for the parasymp. |
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Definition
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Term
| location of preganglionic cell bodies in the cranial region |
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Definition
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Term
| location of preganglionic cell bodies in sacral region |
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Definition
| lateral horn of sacral spinal chord |
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Term
| location of postganglionic cell bodies in cranial parasymp. |
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Definition
| CN 3, 7, 9 (named), 10 (terminal) |
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Term
| location of postganglionic cell bodies in sacral parasymp. |
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Definition
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Term
| ganglia located in the wall of the organ that is innervated |
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Definition
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Term
| ganglion that goes to a named nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the common name for the CN 3 nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| where the preganglionic CN 3 synapses |
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Definition
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Term
| the names of the parasymp. nucleus of CN 7 |
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Definition
| rostral salivatory, lacrimal |
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Term
| what does the rostral salivatory parasymp. nucleus of CN 7 synapse |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the lacrimal parasymp. nucleus of CN 7 synapse |
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Definition
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Term
| name of the parasympathetic nucleus of CN 9 |
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Definition
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Term
| where the caudal salivatory of the parasymp. nucleus synapses |
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Definition
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Term
| the name of the parasymp. nucleus of CN 10 |
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Definition
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Term
| where the dorsal vagal nucleus of the parasymp nucleus synapses |
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Definition
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Term
| where the parasympathetic sacral neurons synapse |
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Definition
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Term
| site of spinal chord termination in the dog |
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Definition
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Term
| site of spinal chord termination in equine |
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Definition
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Term
| site of spinal chord termination of bovine |
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Definition
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Term
| site of spinal chord termination in the cat |
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Definition
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Term
| the fattened part of the spinal chord located at about C6-T2, where brachial plexus originates |
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Definition
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Term
| the fattened part of the spinal chord around L5-S1 |
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Definition
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Term
| the CT covering and termination of spinal chord |
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Definition
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Term
| the extention of dural covering composed of glial cells, etc. suspends the spinal chord in the canal |
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Definition
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Term
| the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots after termination of SC |
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Definition
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Term
| the very small delicate fibers that form the spinal roots |
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Definition
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Term
| the names of the devisions of white matter |
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Definition
| 1. dorsal funiculus, lateral funiculus, ventral funiculus |
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Term
| what are the devisions of the gray matter called? |
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Definition
| 1. dorsal horn, ventral horn, lateral horn |
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Term
| what would a lesion in the dorsal horn cause |
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Definition
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Term
| what would a lesion in the ventral horn cause |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the ventral surface of the myelencephalon that are bundles on the left and right |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the pyramids of the mylenceph. |
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Definition
| a part of the motor system |
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Term
| the crossing of the pyramid bundles from side to side |
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Definition
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Term
| the bump about midway on the pyramids of the myelenceph., a synapse for the motor system |
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Definition
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Term
| the most rostral structure on the ventral surface of the mylenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the trapezoid body |
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Definition
| part of the auditory system |
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Term
| fiber bundles on the dorsal surface of the myelenceph. close to dorsal sulcis |
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Definition
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Term
| fiber bundles more lateral to the fasciculus gracilis on the dorsal surface of the myelenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the functions of the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus |
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Definition
| conscience propriaception (know where your limbs are out in space) FG=pelvic limbs, FC=thoracic limbs |
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Term
| structure more lateral to fasciculus cuneatus on the dorsal side of the myelenceph. |
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Definition
| spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve |
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Term
| what is the function of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve |
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Definition
| carries pain and temperature impulse |
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Term
| the topographic term of the caudal angle of the 4th ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| the CT covering of apendyma and pia, covers the top half of the 4th ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| seperates the dorsal and ventral parts of the ventricular system of the myelenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| which cranial nerves pass through the myelenceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the ventral surface of the metencephalon that takes info from motor system to the cerebellum |
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Definition
| transverse fibers of the pons |
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Term
| structure under the transverse fibers of the pons. carry motor to the brain and spinal chord |
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Definition
| longitudinal fibers of the pons |
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Term
| what are the functions of the transverse and longitudinal fibers of the pons |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the dorsal surface of the metenceph. that processes motor and sensory imputs |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the functions of the cerebellum |
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Definition
| 1. regulate motor activity, 2. coordinates motor activity, 3. integrates motor activity |
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Term
| the structure that connects the cerebellum to the brain stem |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the devisions of the cerebellar peduncles |
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Definition
| 1. middle (lateral), 2. caudal (middle), 3. rostral (medial)-names refer to connections |
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Term
| the delicate membrane that forms the roof that closes off the opening of the rostral 4th ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| the cranial nerves associated with the metencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the ventral surface of the mesencephalon |
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Definition
| crus cerebri (left and right) |
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Term
| the function of the crus cerebri |
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Definition
| has fibers for the motor system |
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Term
| the fossa between the left and right crus cerebri |
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Definition
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Term
| the structure on the dorsal surface of the mesencephalon |
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Definition
| corpora quadrigemina (rostral colliculus and caudal colliculus) |
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Term
| the function of the rostral colliculus |
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Definition
| process info that participates in reflex activity of the visual system |
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Term
| function of the caudal colliculus |
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Definition
| process info that participates in reflex activity of the auditory system |
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Term
| structure that interconnects the 3rd and 4th ventricles in the mesencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the nerves associated with the mesenceph |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which CN is the only one that exits on the dorsal side? |
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Definition
| CN 4 in the mesencephalon |
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Term
| the structure on the ventral surface of the diencephalon that is the caudal aspect of the hypothalmus |
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Definition
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Term
| the function of the mammillary bodies |
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Definition
| regulate and modify emotions of the ANS |
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Term
| the stalk where the pituitary used to be attached |
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Definition
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Term
| the rostral extent of the diencephalon on the ventral side where the optic nerve enters and crosses |
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Definition
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Term
| where the optic nerves pass laterally in the diencephalon-takes visual stimulus to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the dorsal surface of the diencephalon that is a synaptic sight of the visual system |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the dorsal surface of the dienceph. that is the synaptic site in the auditory system |
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Definition
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Term
| the ventricle located in the dienceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| the post like structure that is in the middle of the 3rd vent., the cut surface of the thalmus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the nerve associated in the dienceph. |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the ventral surface of the telenceph. at the rostral edge-synapse in smelling pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| structure on the ventral surface of the telenceph caudal to the olfactory bulb |
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Definition
| pyriform lobe (olefactory cortex) |
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Term
| ridges on the dorsal surface of the telenceph. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| grooves of the dorsal surface of the telenceph. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the ventricles located in the telenceph. |
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Definition
| the left and right lateral ventricles |
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Term
| the foramen that connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the nerves in the telenceph. |
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Definition
| CN 1-synapses on olefactory bulb |
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Term
| the fiber system of the white matter that are acending or decending between the cerebrum and the brain stem |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the fiber system of the white matter that are long or short |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the long and short association fibers of white matter |
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Definition
| long-take info between lobes of cerebellum (interlobar), short-take info between gyri within one lobe (intralobar) |
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|
Term
| the fiber system of the white matter that cross from left to right halves of the cerebrum |
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Definition
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