Term
What are the 4 major vessels that contribute to the formation of the arterial circle on the base of the brain? |
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Definition
2 vertebral arteries and 2 internal carotid arteries |
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Term
3 main parts of the brain and their overall functions |
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Definition
cerebrum
- interpretation
- initiation of voluntary movements
- memory
- reasoning
- intelligence and personality
cerebellum
- maintain posture & balance
- maintain muscle tone
- coordinate voluntary muscle activity and reflexes
brain stem
- involuntary movements
- communication between cerebrum and cerebellum
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Term
What features of the cerebrum increase the surface area for neuronal connections? |
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Definition
gyri (bumps) & sulci (grooves) |
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Term
What are the fiber tracts in the cerebrum? |
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Definition
1. association tracts (connect neurons in same area)
2. commissural tracts (connect neurons in contralateral hemispheres, e.g. the corpus callosum)
3. projection tracts (transmit impulses from cerebrum to other areas of brain and spinal cord) |
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Term
What comprises the diencephalon? |
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Definition
thalamus and hypothalamus |
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Term
What specific motor areas are part of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
1. primary motor cortex
2. premotor cortex
3. Broca's area
4. Prefrontal cortex |
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Term
What specific sensory areas are part of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
1. primary somatosensory cortex
2. somatosensory association area |
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Term
What's the homunculcus idea? |
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Definition
The homunculcus shows the relative regions and amount of cortex that is devoted to different regions of the body |
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Term
What are the primary functions of the cerebellum and the parts of the brainstem? |
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Definition
functions of cerebellum:
1. maintain posture & balance
2. maintain muscle tone
3. coordinate voluntary muscle activity and reflexes
parts of brainstem:
1. midbrain
2. pons
3. medulla |
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