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| sensations of face,scalp,and teeth;chewing movements |
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| sense of taste; contraction of muscles of facial expressions |
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| hearing; sense of balance |
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| sensations of throat and larynx and of thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice production, slowing of heartbeat, acceleration of gut movements |
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| sensations of throat, taste, swallowing movements, secretion of saliva |
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| shoulder movements; turning movements of head |
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| identifies touch, size, shape, colors, and spacial perception |
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| sense of hearing and memory and sequencing |
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which parts of the brain are not part of the cerebrum?
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| cerebellum, brain stem, diencephalon |
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| balance, coordination, skill |
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| vasomotor control, motor activity, breathing, heart rate |
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| body temp, appetite, sleep cycle control |
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| What are the 3 parts of the brain stem? |
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| medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain |
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| What is the structure of the brain stem? |
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| White matter with bits of gray matter scattered through it |
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| What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon? |
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| hypothalamus and the thalamus |
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| What is the second largest part of the human brain? |
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| What is the largest part of the human brain? |
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| What is the outer layer of gray matter in the cerebrum? |
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| What is the cerebrum made up of and composed of? |
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| made up of lobes and is composed of dendrites and cell bodies of neurons |
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| the interior of the cerebrum is composed mainly of what? |
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| white matter that is nerve fibers arranged in bundles called tracts |
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| protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord |
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| is the brain one of our largest organs? |
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| name in order from lowest to highest parts of brain stem. |
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1.medulla oblongata
2.pons
3.midbrain |
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| What is the medulla oblongata? |
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| enlarged, upward extension of the spinal cord |
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| how are the make up of the brain stem and spinal cord different? |
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| spinal cord consists of gray matter in the interior and white matter surrounding it. the brain stem has gray matter that mixes with white matter |
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| The portion of the brain stem that joins the spinal cord to the brain is the? |
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| Which of the following is not part of the diencephalon? |
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| cerebrum, thalamus, pituitary gland, third ventricle gray matter |
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| What are the functions of the hypothalamus? |
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| controls heart rate, constriction and dilation of blood vessels, contraction of stomach and intestines, produces hormones |
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| Which of the following parts of the brain helps in the association of sensations with emotions as well as aiding in the arousal or alerting mechanisms |
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| the lobes of the cerebrum correspond to? |
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| the bones that lie over them |
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| where does the gray matter lie in the cerebrum? |
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| What is the outer region of the cerebrum called? |
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| The 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by? |
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| within the interior of the cerebrum are a few islands of gray matter known as? |
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| a cerebrovascular accident is known as? |
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| a scanning method that uses a magnetic field to induce brain tissues to emit radio waves |
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| an imaging technique for the brain that involves scanning the head with a revolving x-ray generator |
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| measurement of electrical activity of the brain |
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| T/F: the spinal cord is approximately 24-25 inches long |
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| the spinal cord ends at the sacrum t/f |
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| false bottom of the first lumbar vertebra |
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| T/F the extensions of the meninges beyond the cord is convenient for preforming CAT scans without danger of injuring the spinal cord. |
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| bundles of myelinated fibers -dentrites- make up the white outer columns of the spinal cord. |
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| t/f; ascending tracts conduct impulses up the cord to the brain and descending tracts conduct impulses down the cord to the brain. |
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| T/F tracts are functional organizations in that all of the axons the compose a tract serve several functions. |
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| false; one general function |
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| T/F a loss of sensation caused by a spinal cord injury is called paralysis. |
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| the_____,_________, and ______ centers are located in the medulla |
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| cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor collectively called the vital centers |
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| impulses from the vital centers control? |
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| heartbeat, respirations, and blood vessel diameter |
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| What is the diencephalon? |
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| a small but important part of the brain located between the the midbrain and the cerebrum |
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| What are the two major structures of the diencephalon? |
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| hypothalamus and the thalamus |
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| the hypothalamus is located____below the thalamus |
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| What are the extensions of the hypothalamus? |
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| posterior pituitary gland, the stalk that attaches it to the undersurface of the brain, and gray matter located in the third ventricle |
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| How is the hypothalamus's size related to its importance? |
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| with its size it is one of the least significant parts of the brain, but with its contributions to survival its one of the most important brain structures |
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| the hypothalamus exerts major control over? |
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| located just above the hypothalamus and is a dumbbell shaped section of gray matter |
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| The thalamus is composes mostly of? |
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| dendrites and cell bodies of neurons that have axons extending up toward the sensory areas of the cerebrum |
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| What is the second largest part of the brain? |
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| the cerebellum lies under the_____ lobe of the cerebrum. |
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| In the cerebellum, gray matter composes the_____layer while _____ matter composes the interior |
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| The cerebrum has many ridges and grooves called?What are the deepest sulci called? |
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| ridges are called gyri and the grooves are called sulci. fissures |
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| The______ divides the brain into left and right hemispheres. |
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| What functions as the center for all spinal cord reflexes? |
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| identifies touch, size, shape, colors, spacial perception |
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| sense of hearing, memory and sequencing |
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| personality, emotions, problem solving, speaking, expressive language |
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| balance, coordination, skill |
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| motor activity, breathing, heart rate and vasomotor control |
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| body temp, appetite, sleep cycle control |
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| Which parts of the brain are not part of the cerebrum? |
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| cerebellum, brain stem and diancephalon |
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| gray matter in the brain stem functions as? |
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| reflex centers ex: heart rate, blood vessel diameter, and respirations |
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| What do sensory tracts do?(brainstem) |
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| conduct impulses to higher parts of the brain |
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| conduct from the higher parts of the brain to the spinal cord |
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| What is the hypothalamus made up of? |
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| posterior pituitary gland, pituitary stalk, and gray matter |
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| the hypothalamus acts as a major controlling center for____ therefore helps control what? |
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| the ANS; all internal organs |
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| What are some functions for the hypothalamus? |
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| controls hormone secretion, appetite, wakefulness and pleasure |
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| What is the dumbbell shaped mass of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere? |
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| What does the thalamus do? |
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| relays sensory impulses to cerebral cortex sensory areas and produces the emotions of pleasantness and unpleasantness |
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| Does the cerebellum assist the cerebrum and other regions of the brain? |
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| What is the spinal cord made of? |
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| the outer part is composed of white matter made up of bundles of axons called tracts. the interior is composed of gray matter made up of mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies |
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| sensory tracts conduct impulses ___ the brain |
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| motor tracts conduct impulses ___the brain |
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| reflexes that result from conduction over arcs who whose centers lie in the spinal cord are called? |
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| What are the 2 common kinds of spinal cord reflexes? |
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| withdrawal(pulling hand away from hot surface) and jerk reflexes(knee jerk) |
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| spinal cord tracts carry impulses____ and ____the brain |
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| is nerve tissue sturdy? So what protects it? |
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| Do meninges cover the brain and the spinal cord? |
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| tough fluid filled membrane that covers the brain and the spinal cord |
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| What surrounds the meninges? |
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| what are the 3 layers of the meninges? |
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| dura mater(tough outer layer that lines the vertebral canal), arachnoid mater(cobweb with fluid in the spaces and is between the other), pia mater(the innermost layer that covers the spinal cord itself) |
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| What is the fluid called that fills the spaces between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater in the brain and spinal cord? Where is another place it fills? |
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| cerebrospinal fluid(CSF);spaces in the brain called cerebral ventricles |
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| There are lateral ventricles in the ____side of the brain and the _____ |
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| CSF is one of the body's______. |
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| What is the choroid plexus? |
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| a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production on CSF |
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| nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons |
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| CSF forms continuously from____. |
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| the nerves connecting the brain and the spinal cords to other parts of the body |
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| The PNS includes_____nerves and _____nerves. |
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| the ANS connects the brain to what? |
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| cardiac, smooth and glands |
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| _____pairs of cranial nerves are attached to the undersurface of the brain extending mostly from the _____ |
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| the cranial nerves conduct impulses between the _____and structures in the _____,_____ and ______ |
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| nerves that connect the spinal cord to peripheral structures such as the skin and skeletal muscles |
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| the white columns of the spinal cord that provide two way conduction paths to and from the brain |
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| there are _____pairs of spinal nerves |
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| (31 pairs total); 8-cervical, 12-thoracic, 5-lumbar, 5-sacrospinal, 1-coccygeal segment |
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| do spinal nerves have special names? how are they named? |
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| no; a letter and a number identify each one |
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| complex network formed by converging and diverging nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels |
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| What is the pneumonic device for cranial nerves? |
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| on old olympus tiny tops a friendly viking grew vines and hops |
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| skin surfaces areas supplied by a single spinal nerve |
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| What is the ANS? What does it regulate? |
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| motor neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to cardiac, smooth and glands; the body's automatic or involuntary functions |
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| What are the 2 divisions of the ANS? |
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| sympathetic and parasympathetic system |
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| Autonomic conduction paths= |
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| What does the sympathetic nervous system do? |
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| serves as the emergency or stress system,controlling effectors during strenuous exercise and strong emotions. |
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| group of changes induced by sympathetic control is called? |
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| the fight or flight response |
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| dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic neurons are located? |
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| in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord |
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| What is the parasympathetic nervous system? and where are the parasympatheric neurons located? |
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| dominates control of many visceral effectors under normal everyday conditions(homeostasis); gray matter of the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord |
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