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Nervous System 2
Synaptic transmission, ion channels, synaptic potentials and cellular integration
21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2007

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Term
Effector Organs
Definition
An organ innervated by the nervous system
Term
Gap Junction
Definition
A small tube of channel between adjacent cells formed by transmembrane proteins. Found at electrical synapses.
Term
CNS
Definition
Central Nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Term
Somatic Nervous System
Definition
That portion of the peripheral nervous system which recieves sensory information from skin, muscles and joints and which innervates skeletal muscle.
Term
ANS
Definition
Automatic Nervous System. The efferent portion of the peripheral nervous system which innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Term
Skeletal muscle is activated by neurons of which nervous system?
Definition
Somatic Nervous System
Term
Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands receive signals from neurons of which nervous system?
Definition
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Term
Axodendritic Synapse
Definition
Synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite. Carry input signals to neurons.
Term
Axosomatic Synapse
Definition
Synapse between an axon terminal and the cell body (soma) of a neuron. Carry input signals to neurons.
Term
Axoaxonic Synapses
Definition
Synapse between two axon terminals. Can regulate the amount of chemical transmitter that is released by another axon terminal, thus inhibiting or facilitating the signal from another neuron.
Term
Electrical Synapse
Definition
A synapse formed by gap junctions between two neurons. Ions flow between neurons at electrical synapses.
Term
Chemical Synapse
Definition
A synapse formed by an axon terminal and neuronal cell membrane. A neurotransmitter conveys the signal from the axon terminal to the neuronal cell membrane.

Associated with the most complex human behaviors, including learning and memory.
Term
Chemical Neurons have two parts:
Definition
An axon terminal of one neruon and the cell membrane of another neuron.
Term
Synaptic Vesicles
Definition
Membranous sacs containing neurotransmitter
Term
Presynaptic Neuron
Definition
The neuron which conducts an action potential toward a synapse.
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
A chemical that is released at synapses
Term
Synaptic Cleft
Definition
The space separating one cell and another at a chemical synapse.
Term
Postsynaptic Neuron
Definition
The neuron which recieves the signal at a synapse.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
A protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction.
Term
Phosphorylation
Definition
The biochemical process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule.
Term
Synaptic Potential
Definition
A short distance chemical signal which can vary in amplitude. Synaptic potentials are the incoming signals to neurons.
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