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Nervous System 1 & 2
(Exam 3)
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/03/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

2 major divisions of the nervous system and what comprises them

Definition

 

CNS = brain + spinal cord

 

PNS = cranial nerves + spinal nerves

Term

 

 

 

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Definition

 

 

The visceral motor division, which innervates glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

Term

 

 

How is the autonomic nervous system subdivided?

Definition

 

 

 

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Term

 

 

Describe the general functions of the nervous system

Definition

 

 

1. sensory

2. integrative

3. motor

Term

 

 

What are the supporting cells for the CNS and PNS?

Definition

 

CNS: neuroglia

 

PNS: 1. Schwann

2. capsule (satellite)

Term

 

 

How are the cell bodies and cell processes in each of the 2 major divisions of the nervous system aggregated?

Definition

 

CNS: -cell bodies are in gray matter

-processes are in white matter

 

PNS: -cell bodies are in ganglia

-processes are in nerves

Term

 

 

Define terms describing the morphology of a typical neuron.

Definition

1. cell body (organelles, nucleus)

2. nucles (active dsipersed chromatin)

3. Nissl substance (lots of mitochondria, active protein synthesis here)

4. axon hillock (funnel for cytoskeleton)

5. nerve fibers (axons)

6. golgi apparatus (produce synaptic vesicles)

7. cytoskeletal elements (structural)

Term

 

 

Match type of neuron morphology with function in nervous system

Definition

 

 

1. bipolar -> special senses, sensory

2. multipolar -> motor

Term

 

 

What is myelin?

Definition

 

 

the phospholipid-protein cell membrane of myelinating cells

Term

 

 

Which cells form myelin in the CNS and PNS?

Definition

 

 

CNS: oligodendrocytes

 

PNS: Schwann cells

Term

 

 

How do the 2 myelinating cells differ in their ability to myelinate?

Definition

 

Schwann cells: one part of one axon

 

oligodendrocytes: one or more parts of multiple axons

Term

 

 

Describe how CT separates nerve into various divisions

Definition

 

1. endoneurium - surrounds each nerve fiber

2. perineurium - wraps groups of fibers into bundles/fasicles

3. epineurium - wraps the entire nerve

Term

 

 

Define the support cells of the PNS

Definition

 

 

1. Schwann cells: support nerve processes

2. Satellite cells (capsule cells): support cell bodies in ganglia

Term

 

Name the 4 types of supporting cells (neuroglial cells) in the CNS and the major function of each one.

Definition

 

1. astrocytes

2. oligodendrocytes

3. microglia

4. ependymal cells

Term

 

 

List in order from superficial to deep the 3 meninges (wrappings) of the CNS

Definition

 

 

1. dura mater

2. arachnoid mater

3. pia mater

Term

 

 

Follow the path of the flow of CSF from formation to venous circulation

Definition

 

choroid plexus in ventricles => 3rd ventricle => 4th ventricle => subarachnoid space => arachnoid granulations => superior sagittal sinus

Term

 

 

What structures produce CSF and where are they located?

Definition

 

 

the choroid plexus

-located in all 4 ventricles, primarily in the 2 lateral ventricles

Term

 

 

 

What is the importance of CSF?

Definition

 

1. cushioning brain and spinal cord to prevent injury

2. pathway for wastes

3. diffusion medium for nutrients, drugs

Term

 

 

Name and label the major dural folds

(see diagram)

Definition

 

1. falx cerebri

2. tentorium cerebelli

3. falx cerebelli

4. diaphragma sellae

Term

 

 

Name and label the venous sinuses

(see diagram)

Definition

1. superior sagittal sinus

2. inferior sagittal sinus

3. straight sinus

4. cavernous sinuses

5. confluens of the sinuses

6. transverse sinuses

7. sigmoid sinuses

Term

 

 

How is each dural sinus formed?

Definition

 

 

split apart periosteal and meningeal dural layers

Term

 

 

How is each dural fold formed?

Definition

 

 

Meningeal layers of dura separated from periosteal layer and invaginate the brain as a double layered structure

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