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nervous control of muscular movement
gagaga
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

what makes up CNS?

Definition

 

  1. brain
  2. forebrain has the cerebrum (80% of weight)
  3. diencephalon - thamus and hypothalamus
  4. cerebellum
  5. brainstem - continuous with spinal cord- medulla, pons, midbrain
  6. spinal cord
Term

 

 

 

 

 

the peripheral nervous system consists of what?

Definition

 

 

 

 

12 pairs of crainal nervers and 31 spinal nerves

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the difference between the afferent division and efferent division?

Definition

 

a- conveys info from senser to cns

 

e- has somatic nerverous system -- nervers from skeletal muscles

 

ANS - nerves from smooth, cardiac muscles and glands

 

sympathetic division

parasympathetic

Term

 

 

 

 

what is neuroglia?

 

what is the purpose of the nervous system?

Definition

 

 

90% of cells within CNS

occupies half of the volume of the brain

 

 

--- to regulate and coordinate various functions of the body

Term

 

 

 

 

what 3 classes can neurons be divided into?

Definition

 

afferent - impulses from sensory receoptors to spinal cord/brian

 

efferent - impulses from CNS out to organs

 

interneurons - lies in the CNS accounts for 99% of all nerve cells

Term

 

 

 

 

what happens during a nerve impulse?

Definition

 

 

high concentration of NA+ on the outside of the membrane cause it to be electrically positive. while the nerves on the inside make it negative

 

action potential-- stimulus that causes the NA to rush in the nerve

Term

 

 

 

 

what is neuromuscular junction?

Definition

 

 

 

 

nerve to muscle synapse-- acetycholine is the substance

Term

 

 

 

what two regions of the spinal cord enlarged or innervation of the limbs?

 

what is a plexus?

Definition

 

 

 

1. cervical enlargement -- from c4 to t1

 

2. lumbosacral enlgarment -- t11 to l1

 

--- network of converging and diverging nerve fibers or blood vessels

Term

 

 

 

 

where are the cell bodies of the motor axons that make up the ventral root located?

Definition

 

 

 

 

ventral gray horn of the spinal cord

Term

 

 

 

 

what is a ganglion?

Definition

 

 

 

 

a collectino of never cell bodies located outside the CNS

Term

 

 

 

 

what happens when you damage your spinal cord?

Definition

 

 

 

loss of all sensation and voluntary movements inferior to the pint of damage.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

what is ischemia?

Definition

 

 

 

 

deficiency of blood supply to the spinal cord.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

what are proprioceptors?

what else is it called?

Definition

 

 

 

 

they conduct sensory information to CNS to muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints

 

also called the kinesthetic sense

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the funciton of the muscle spindle?

Definition

 

 

 

 

- sends info to CNS regarding the degree of muscle stretch--- the greater the strectch the greater the impose up the afferent to spinal cord increases

Term

 

 

 

 

what are the three ways that muscle spindles can activate the alpha motor neurons to cause the muscle to contract?

Definition

 

 

  1. tonic stretch--- final length of the muscle fiber
  2. phasic stretch -- rate of length change -- overshoots
  3. gamma system -- mainitn the spindle @peak operation for all muscle lengths
Term

 

 

 

 

where is the golgi tendon organ located?

Definition

 

 

 

encapsulated in tendon fibers near the junction of muscle and tendon

Term

 

 

 

 

what muscle contract GTO is stretched. what happens?

Definition

 

 

- the firing rate of GTO is sensitive to change in the tension of the mscle

 

1. maintaining a steady grip

2. causes contracted muscles to relax - protects the muscles and its cnnective tissue harness from excessive loads

Term

 

 

 

 

what are joint receptors?

Definition

 

 

 

 

they supply info tothe CNS concerning join angles..

Term

 

 

 

 

what ar the two main centers that are associated with learning new motor skills.

voluntary control of movement patterns?

Definition

 

 

 

 

cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the functionof the primary motor cortex?

where is it found?

Definition

 

brings movement in diffent areas of the body

 

contains homunculus

 

its on both sides of the brain. each side controls the opposite

 

located near the frontal lobe.

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the system that controls the movements of hands and fingers?

Definition

 

 

 

 

corticospinal system -- fine, discretes and voluntary movements.

Term

 

 

 

 

where is the premotor cortex?

Definition

 

 

 

 

lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere -- in front of the primary motor cortex

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the extrapyramidal tract?

 

what are they mostly concerned with ?

Definition

 

 

 

 

multineural pathway - sends impulses from premotor areas down to the motorneuron of the spinal cord.

 

posture and coordinatin or large m groups.

Term

 

 

 

 

where can you find the cerebellum?

what is its function?

Definition

 

 

 

behind the brainstem

 

-- motor control.

locomotion

maintaining equilibrium

postural adjustments

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