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Nerves- 1
Anatomy
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/28/2015

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Term
What does Irritable Tissue do?
Definition
Reacts to stimuli and carries information

Coordinates parts of the body and controls

Works with the endocrine system
Term
What is a Nerve Impulse?
Definition
Electrical movement by charged ion movement
Term
What are the two anatomical divisions in the nervous system?
Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS)- Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- Essentially everything else [mostly Nerves and ganglia]
Term
What is a Neuron?
Definition
a Nerve Cell
Term
What are the parts of a Neuron?
Definition
Soma
Cell body called Perikaryon
Processes- Axons [carries nerve impulse away from soma] & Dendrites [carry nerve impulse to soma]
Term
What are the three types of neurons?
Definition
1. Multipolar
2. Bipolar
3. Unipolar
Term
Describe a Multipolar neuron
[# of axons, dendrites, shape]
Definition
One axon
Many dendrites
Very branched
E.g. Motor neurons that control skeletal muscle
Term
Describe a Bipolar neuron
[# of axons, dendrites, shape]
Definition
One axon
One dendrite
Round soma
E.g. sensory neurons
Term
Describe a Unipolar neuron
Definition
One process that splits to be both axon and dendrite
Term
What is a Synapse?
Definition
Junction of an axon
Term
Where are Synapses located? [5]
Definition
1. Dendrite of another neuron
2. Some of another neuron
3. Muscle cell
4. Gland cell
5. Other cells
Term
What are the structures of a synapse? [5]
Definition
1. Presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic cell
2. Terminal bouton (bulb)
3. Synaptic cleft
4. Synaptic vesicle
5.Receptors for neurotransmitters on postsynaptic membrane
Term
What is the Terminal Bouton (bulb) and where is it located on a synapse?
Definition
Swelling at axon end
Fits into indentation of postsynaptic cell membrane
Term
Where is the Synaptic Cleft located on a synapse?
Definition
Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic cell membranes
Has interstitial fluid
Term
Where is the Synaptic Vesicle located on a synapse?
Definition
In terminal bouton
Filled with chemicals (neurotransmitters)
Term
What is the Neuroglia of a synapse?
Definition
The Ectoderm origin
Term
What does the Neuroglia do?
Definition
Serves C.T. and epithelia functions in nervous system (esp. CNS)
Supports and nourishes neurons
Term
What are the types of Neuroglia? [5]
Definition
1. Schwann cell (neurolemmocyte)
2. Ogligodendrocyte (oligodendroglia)
3. Ependymal cells
4. Astrocyte
5. Microglia
Term
Where and what are Schwann cells (neurolemmocyte)?
Definition
In PNS
Wraps around axons to insulate them, series of cells
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
Term
What are Ogligodendrocytes (oligodendroglia)?
Definition
Myelinates axons with CNS
One cell has extensions that wrap around several axons
Term
What do Ependymal cells do?
Definition
Line cavities
Ventricles of the brain
Central canal of spinal cord
Term
What is an Astrocyte?
Definition
"Star" cell
Term
What are Microglia?
Definition
Small cells
Term
What does the ANS control?
Definition
“Automatic” control of body functions
Without conscious thought
Term
What are the two divisions of the ANS?
Definition
Preganglionic
Postganglionic
Term
What is distinct about the Preganglionic Division of the ANS?
Definition
Soma in CNS
Preganglionic fiber leaves CNS via peripheral nerve (may be a cranial nerve from brain or a spinal nerve from spinal cord) to synapse with
Term
What is distinct about the Postganglionic Division of the ANS?
Definition
Soma in ganglion
Postganglionic fiber travels in peripheral nerve to synapse with a muscle or gland or other cell of body organs.
Term
Characteristics of Sympathetic NS [5]
Definition
Fight or flight
Preganglionic somas in thoracolumbar spinal cord
Ganglia close to spine
Short preganglionic fibers
Long postganglionic fibers
Term
Characteristics of Parasympathetic NS? [4]
Definition
Preganglionic somas in Craniosacral region
Ganglia near or in walls of organs innervated
Long preganglionic fibers
Short postganglionic fibers
Term
What makes up the Craniosacral region?
Definition
Brain and last part of spinal chord
Term
What does the Medulla produce?
Definition
Produces hormones into blood rather than neurotransmitter into synapse
Term
What does the inner part of the Medulla have?
Definition
Sympathetic Ganglion
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