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nerve test
nerve test
90
Anatomy
Not Applicable
11/29/2006

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Cards

Term
The peripheral nervous system contists of___________nerves.
Definition
12 cranial and 31 spinal nerves
Term
Name two major structural categories of sensory receptors, gining functions.
Definition
Simple- General senses- Temp,Pain, light touch
Complex- Sense organs- vision hearing equilibrium, taste, smell
Term
Name two kinds of simple sensory receptors
Definition
free nerve endings
Encapsulated endings
Term
Name three kinds of simple sensory receptors that are free nerve endings
Definition
temp, pain, tight touch
Term
Describe the functions of simple sensory receptors with encapsulated endings
Definition
all are mechanoreceptors- touch pressure proprioception
Term
sensation is
Definition
awareness of stimuli
Term
perception is
Definition
conscious interpretation of stimuli
Term
a nerve is
Definition
a bundle of nerve fibers surrounded by connective tissues
Term
three types of nerves are
Definition
sensory, motor, mixed
Term
a ganglion is
Definition
collection of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in PNS
Term
there are _________ pairs of cranial nerves which connect ____________________________________________________________. Most are _____ nerves.
Definition
12
brain to structures in head, neck, trunk
mixed
Term
spinal nerves are
Definition
mixed nerves
Term
sensory fibers enter the spinal cord via a ________. Their neuron cell bodies reside in the __________.
Definition
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
Term
motor fibers exit the spinal cord through a _______. their neuron cell bodies reside in __________________.
Definition
ventral root
grey matter of spinal cord
Term
most spinal nerves combine to form a set of interconnections called a
Definition
plexus
Term
cervical plexuses supply __________
brachial plexuses supply __________
lumbosacral plexuses supply _______
Definition
muscles and skin of neck, diaphragm
muscles and skin of arm
lower abdominal area: leg
Term
reflexes are
Definition
rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli
Term
name two examples of somatic spinal reflexes
Definition
voluntary, skeletal
Term
two motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system are
Definition
somatic, autonomic
Term
somatic nervous system fibers connect the CNS to ____________. The somatic nervous system oversees ___________.
Definition
skin and skeletal muscles
conscious activities
Term
the control of the autonomic nervous system is __________. ANS motor fibers innervate ___________________.
Definition
involuntary
smooth, cardiac muscles, glands
Term
autonomic nervous system fibers are ________ fibers. ANS preganglionic neurons reside in the _____; their fibers usually synapse with a _____________ in a ganglion.
Definition
efferent
CNS
ganglionic neuron
Term
the two neurotransmitters of the ANS are _________. These may cause _________ or ________.
Definition
acetycholine & norepinephrine
excitation or inhibtion
Term
two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are _______. The sympathetic division brings about "__________" responses. The parasympathetic division brings "_______" responses.
Definition
parasympathetic & sympathetic
fight or flight
rest or digest
Term
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise in the _______ and ______. Their fibers synapse in _________.
Definition
brain stem
sacral region of spinal cord
ganglia near organs or in organs
Term
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons arise from _________. Their axons enter __________, where they may synapse. Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in _________. Some ________ synapse directly with the adrenal medulla.
Definition
spinal cord T1-L2
chain ganglia
collaterateral ganglia
splanchnic nerve fibers
Term
control center for ANS reflex activity are in __________. Examples are
Definition
spinal cord and brain stem
heart rate, breathing, vasomotor
Term
the ________ intergrates autonomic, somatic, and endocrine responses
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
the cortex influences the ANS through the
Definition
limbic system
Term
The meninges are__________________ The three layers are(from superficial to deep):__________________________________________________________________________
Definition
membranes surround brain and spinal cord

dura mater(outer), arachnoid mater(middle), pia mater(thin inner)
Term
2. Four major parts of the brain are___________________________________.
Definition
cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem, cerebellum
Term
3. The cerebral cortex is _____________________--
Definition
grey matter at surface.
Term
4. Functions of the cerebral cortex are__________________________
Definition
thought, reasoning, sensory interpretation, control voluntary muscle, memory storage.
Term
5. Primary motor areas of the cerebrum are located_______
Definition
precentral gyrus
Term
6. Sensory areas are located_____________.
Definition
post central gyrus
Term
7. The function of association areas in the cerebrum is ___________________________________
Definition
analyze and interpret impulses memory, reasoning, verbalization, judgement and emotions
Term
8. The function of cerebral white matter is ___________________
Definition
communication between cerebral areas and between cortex and other cns centers
Term
9. Basal nuclei are_______________
Definition
masses of grey matter in cerebrum
Term
9.5 their functions are___________
Definition
relay motor impulses originating in cerebrum aid in motor activities
Term
10. Three major regions of the diencephalon are the__________________
Definition
thalamus, hypothalamus, epthalamus
Term
11. the function of the thalamus is_________________
Definition
relays all ascending impulses to cerebral cortex
Term
12. The function of the hypothalamus is _____________
Definition
main visceral control center, homeostasis links to endocrine system
Term
13. The epithalamus contains the __________________and a __________________
Definition
pineal gland

choroids plexus
Term
14. Three major regions of the brain stem are the___________
Definition
mid-brain, pons, medulla oblongata
Term
15 Give the function : Midbvrain:________
Pons:_____________
Medulla oblongata__________
Definition
reflex centers for eye and head movement

relays impulses, regulates breathing

transmits all ascending and descending impulses contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, non vital reflexes.
Term
16. Functions of the cerebellum are_________
Definition
coordinates skeletal muscle movement, maintains posture
Term
17. Ventricles are__________fill with _____________
Definition
cacities in cerebral hemispheres

cerebrospinal fluid.
Term
18. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by_____and reabsorbed into__________
Definition
choroids plexuses

blood of dural sinuses
Term
19. two functional brain systems are the__________________________
Definition
Limbic, reticular formation.
Term
20. The function of the limbic system is________________________
Definition
produces emoti9ons, modifies behavior.
Term
21. The functions of the reticular formation are_____________________
Definition
filters sensory impulses, "awakens" cerebral cortex
Term
22. There are____paris of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord.
Definition
31
Term
23. Gray matter in the spinal cord contains________________. White Matter contains_________________.
Definition
neuron cell bodies

bundles of myelinated nerve gibers.
Term
24. Ascending tracts in the spinal cord carry___________________

Descending tracts carry_________________
Definition
sensory impulses to brain

motor impulses to muscles and glands.
Term
1. The two divisions of the nervous system are the ______________and _________
Definition
central cns,

peripheal pns
Term
2. Three functions of the nervous system are _______________
Definition
sensory reception, integration effector impulse activation
Term
3. Name two types of nerve processes(fibers) on neurons and their functions:____________________
Definition
dendrites - receiveimpulses - highly branched

Axon - sends impulse-may be branched
Term
The myelin sheath is ___________ On peripheral neurons it is produced by_________
Definition
layers of lipid filled extensions surrounding the axon

Schwam Cell
Term
5. Name and describe 3 types of neurons based on structural classification________________
Definition
bi-polar - one dendrite, one axon - eyes nose ears

Unipolar - one fiber to sid of cell body - enters brain or spinal cord

Multipolar - many dendrites, one axon, brain or spinal cord.
Term
6. Name and state the function of 3 types of neurons based on functional classification.___________
Definition
Sensory neurons-(afferent)
interneurons,
Motor Neurons
Term
What are neuroglia
Definition
cells that aid neurons many ways
Term
7.5 Name five types, where located(cns or pns), and function.
Definition
pns-Schwann- produce myelin sheath

cns-Astrocytes-between neurons- blood vessels- support neurons metabolic functions

oligodendrocytes-feq dendrites-forms myelin in brain and spinal cord.

microglia - structural support and phagocytosis

Epyndymal - form inner lining of central canal and ventricles
Term
8. In a resting cell, the positively charged ion in higher concentration on the outsid of the cell is _____, on the inside is ____
Definition
Sodium (Na+)

Potassium (K+)
Term
9. Because of differences in permeability of the cell membrane for these ions, the inside of the membrane has a slight positive/negative (circle One charged compared to the outside.
Definition
negative
Term
10.__________________occurs when the inside of the membrane becomes less negative. _____________occurs when the inside of the membrane becomes more negative.
Definition
Depolarization

Hyperpolarization.
Term
11. When depolarization reaches threshold potential,_____________ is tiggered.
Definition
action potential
Term
12. During and action potential, fir_________channels open, causing______, then_________channels open, causing_________________
Definition
Sodium (Na+)

Na+ to move in (depolarization)

K+ potassium

K+ to move out (repolarization)
Term
13. The refractory period is _____________
Definition
membrane won't respond for a brief time
Term
14. The all-or-none response means that_________________________
Definition
when stimulus reaches threshold - impulse is full strength - always the same
Term
15. Is impulse conduction faster on: myelinated or unmyelinated fibers?____

large or small-diamter fibers?____________?
Definition
myelinated

Large
Term
16. A synapse is___________________
Definition
a junction between neuron and another cell - affector
Term
17. When an action ptential reaches a synaptic knob, ________ flows in, teriggering the release of _________by synaptic vesicles.
Definition
Ca++

Neurotransmitter
Term
18. What are two effects a neurotransmitter may have on a postsynaptic membrane?
Definition
Depolarize - excitatory post synaptic

hyperpolarize - inhibitory post synaptic
Term
19. Name 5 categories of neurotransmitters
___________________________
Definition
acetycholine, Amino Acids, Biogenic Amines, Peptides Novel messengers - ATP VO, CO
Term
20. Biogenic amines are found in the ___________. Their function is to ________________________________
Definition
Brain

help regulate emotions, bilogical clocks
Term
21. What is the function of neuropeptides? ___________
Definition
Reduce perception of pain
Term
22. Neuronal pools are _______________________________________________________________________

They are located in__________
Definition
groups of neurons that intergrate incoming information. and then forward processed information to other cells.

CNS
Term
23. Difine Facilitation: ____________
Definition
Neuron ceceives more information/ excitatory.
Term
Olfactory Nerve
Definition
sense of smell from nasal mucosal

Sensory
Term
11. Optic
Definition
sense of vision from retina

Sensory
Term
111 Oculomotor Nerve
Definition
supplies muscles that move the eyeball

Motor
Term
IV Trochlear Nerve
Definition
supplies a muscle that moves eyeball

Motor
Term
V. Trigeminal Nerve
Definition
supplies face and chewing muscles

Both
Term
VI. Abducens Nerve
Definition
supplies muscle that moves eyeball

Motor
Term
VII. Facial Nerve
Definition
supplies tongue, muscles in face

Both
Term
VIII. Bestibulocochlear Nerve
Definition
senses of hearing and balance

Sensory
Term
IX> Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Definition
supplies tongue and pharynx

Both
Term
X. Vagus Nerve
Definition
supplies organs in head, thorax and abdomen

Both
Term
XI. Accessory Nerve
Definition
supplies pharynx, neck muscles

Motor
Term
XII. Hypoglossal Nerve
Definition
supplies tongue - moving muscles

Motor
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