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Neoplasia Lecture 3
Behaviour of Neoplasms
24
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
03/13/2017

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Cards

Term
What is a scirrhous reaction / what causes a tumour to develop this phenotype?
Definition
tumour cells can sometimes secrete growth factors (TNF-beta) which promote fibrosis and scarring
Term
What is the 'fertile soil' concept surrounding tumours?
Definition
some types of tumours proliferate very easily in certain tissue types
Term
If a primary tumour is present in the intestine, where would you most likely see a secondary tumour developing?
Definition
in the liver
Term
What are 'paraneoplastic syndromes'?
Definition
symptoms/illness resulting from tumours causing the production of normal products, in excessive amounts

e.g. thyroid tumour -> excessive throid hormones -> extremely high metabolism

pituitary adenoma -> cushing's
Term
What is paraneoplastic hypercalcemia?
Definition
tumour cells produce a molecule that is similar to parathyroid hormone, causes osteoclast activity & bone resorption resulting in high blood calcium
Term
Ways tumours can behave badly?
Definition
SPITEM

-secretion
-pain
-invasion & local spread
-tissue injury e.g. ulcers
-expansive growth
-metastasis
Term
What role to oncogenes play in neoplastic development?
Definition
activation of oncogenes promotes proliferation and inhibits cell death
Term
What role do angiogenic factors play in development of neoplasms?
Definition
blood supply to tumour for growth
Term
What role do growth adhesion molecules play in development of neoplasms?
Definition
allow for metastasis, so neoplasms can grow in a foreign location
Term
How might you treat cancer with the goal of preventing tissue invasion?
Definition
use antiproteases to prevent matrix proteinases & other enzymes produced by tumour cells from facilitation tissue invasion
Term
What is the importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumour cells?
Definition
as cells start to invade tissue and metastasize they have less tight cell-cell junctions, less contact inhibition, more ECM adhesion and express protease, facilitation invasion
Term
What angiogenic growth factors are important for neoplasms to grow and develop blood supply?
Definition
VEGF and bFGF
Term
What are the hallmarks of cancer?
Definition
-sustained proliferative signalling
-evading growth suppressors
-activating invasion & metastasis
-enabling replicative immortality
-inducing angiogenesis
-resisting cell death
Term
What are oncogenes?
Definition
mutated genes that allow cells to resist apoptosis/cell death, or increase growth
Term
What are tumor suppressor genes?
Definition
genes responsible for maintaining genomic stability, regulating cell death/apoptosis, counteract oncogenetic effects etc. (these are inactivated in cancer cells)
Term
What are some examples of mutations that occur resulting in oncogene activation?
Definition
-mutated tyrosine kinases result in increased expression of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptors
Term
What genes/proteins are important in cell cycle checkpoints?
Definition
p21 & p53, also p16
Term
Defects in repair of DNA mismatch increase a person's susceptibility to....
Definition
colon polyps & cancers
Term
Cells that express PTEN are (more/less) likely to become neoplastic
Definition
more
Term
Kit is an oncogene that is associated with...
Definition
mast cell tumours
Term
met is an oncogene associated with...
Definition
osteosarcoma
Term
EFFR is an oncogene associated with....
Definition
mammary tumours
Term
What does bcl-2 do?
Definition
protein which blocks apoptosis

(neoplastic cells may over-express this protein)
Term
What does bcl-2 do?
Definition
protein which blocks apoptosis

(neoplastic cells may over-express this protein)
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