Term
| Toxocara Cati host and infective stage: |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxocara Canis host and infective stage: |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxocara Canis routes of infection: |
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Definition
Oral
Transplacental
Transmammary
Paratenic host |
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Term
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Definition
Via transplacental - 16 days - 3 weeks
Transmammary straight to SI
<3 mo - 4-5 weeks
>3 mo - ALD |
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Term
| Toxocara Cati routes of infection and PPP: |
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Definition
Oral
Transmammary
Paratenic host
8 weeks |
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Term
| What is the site of adult infection with ascarids apart from one, which one is this? |
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Definition
| SI - Heterakis Gallinarum infecting domestic fowl and wild birds |
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Term
| Do all ascarids have the infective stage L3 in the egg? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Toxocara Vitulorum final host and PPP: |
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Definition
Exotic Cattle/Buffalo
3-4 weeks |
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Term
| Routes of infection of Toxascaris Leonina: |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is transmammary often an important route of infection? |
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Definition
| Goes straight from the mother to infant and bypasses pasture stages ensuring infection. The larvae also go straight to the SI and therefore need not undergo any migration. |
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Term
| What is a distinguishing feature of Toxocara Cati head? |
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Definition
| Arrowhead with a modified cuticle |
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Term
| How would you tell the difference between Toxascaris Leonina and Toxocara Cati? |
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Definition
| Toxascaris Leonina has just a pointed head, Toxocara Cati has a modified cuticle |
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Term
| Haemonchus Contortus can be recognise by it's distinctive…? |
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Definition
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Term
| The male tail of Haemonchus has barbed what? |
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Definition
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Term
| To latch onto the abomasal wall, Haemonchus has a what? |
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Definition
| Lancet, formed before final moult |
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Term
The super family strongyloidea species have in common that they:
a) are infective at L3
b) infect the SI
c) have a direct cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Ancylostoma Caninum infects by the ____ route: |
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Definition
Oral
Percutaneous
Transmammary |
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Term
| Ancylostoma Caninum has ____ whereas Uncinaria Stenocephala has ____ as it's mouthparts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ancylostoma Braziliense has what final host and causes what if it infects humans? |
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Definition
| Cat - Cutaneous larval migrans |
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Term
| The strongyloidea superfamily is made up of: |
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Definition
Ancylostoma
Uncinaria
Bunostomum
Chabertia
Oesophagostomum
Strongyles
Syngamus
Strongyloides |
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Term
| What is a large strongyle and what is a small strongyle? |
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Definition
Large - Strongylus e.g. Equinus, Edentatus, Vulgaris - all infective horses
Small - Cyathostomins >50 species |
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Term
| The metastrongyloidea superfamily do not all have direct hosts - T/F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Trichuris Suis is what kind of worm? |
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Definition
| Whipworm - the thin anterior end embeds in the LI |
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Term
| Which type of worm is the largest across the board? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Oxyuris Equi infection spread? |
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Definition
| The female @ 10cm (male @ 1cm) lives predominantly in the colon and then moves to the anus to lay eggs outside the GIT on the skin. These eggs are have L1 larvae within them which then, still on the skin, develop to L3 still inside the egg. As the horse rubs it's tail/sloughs skin these L3's in the egg fall to the pasture and can be ingested |
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Term
| Habronema Microstoma gives rise to which disease in horses? |
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Definition
| Summer sores - transmitted by muscid flies which lay L3's on the skin around the eyes. The L3's actually prefer to be in the stomach to develop but on the skin they cause granulomatous lesions - more common in dark coated horses |
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Term
| Arrested larvae of Toxocara Canis in the bitch can survive for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Larve of Toxocara Canis infecting the newborn pup undergo what kind of migration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxocara egg has the typical description of what? |
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Definition
| Thick, brown, pitted shell - sticky and very resistant. Take 4 weeks to become infective. Care - ZOONOTIC - young children! |
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Term
| Clinical signs of Toxocara Canis: |
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Definition
1) migratory phase - coughing & incr. respiratory rate
2) enteral phase - pot-bellied pups & failure to thrive |
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Term
| How would you treat the bitch if you suspected a Toxocara infection and she was pregnant? |
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Definition
| High dose of fenbendazole 3 weeks pre-partum and 2 days post. This must be done for every litter. The pups must be treated too - before 16 days and for 5 weeks (transmammary) thereafter |
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Term
| What are the respective paratenic hosts of Toxocara Cati and Toxascaris Leonina? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the Toxascaris Leonina egg different to Toxocara species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key route of infection in Toxocara Vitulorum and what size are the adult worms? |
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Definition
| Transmammary route, up to 30 days - 30cm |
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Term
| What defining features do Oesophagostomum species have in their heads? |
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Definition
Cephalic vesicle
Cervical vesicle
Cervical papilla
Cervical alae |
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Term
| What type of spicules appear on the male tail of Teledorsagia? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you tell the difference between large stronygle species in the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| The superfamily Strongyloidea can all be classed as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common characteristics of a hookworm? |
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Definition
1-3cm and stout
SI site of infection
Direct lifecycle
L3 is infective |
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Term
| Uncincaria Stenocephala commonly presents in dogs as what? |
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Definition
| Dermatitis around the feet esp. between the toes due to the skin infection being abortive - L3 penetrate skin and then die. Common in working dogs |
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Term
| Ancylostoma Caninum L3's have what special feature, what does this mean? |
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Definition
| They are sheathed meaning that they don't feed in this stage |
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Term
| Since hookworms are blood suckers, what does this commonly result in both acute and chronic? |
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Definition
| Haemorrhagic anaemia - acute in young animals, chronic in older animals. This is since the adults change site of feeding up to 6 times a day and produce anti-coagglant so the old sites don't heal |
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Term
| How can you diagnosis and Ancylostoma infection? |
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Definition
| Clinical signs & FEC although the pathogenesis occurs in the PPP |
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Term
| What are the common methods of controlling Ancylostoma Caninum? |
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Definition
| Benzimidazoles & Ivermection or high doses of Fenbendazole in the pregnant bitch |
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Term
| Ancylostoma Braziliense is a non-blood sucking parasite but causes what in what animals? |
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Definition
| Protein-losing enteropathy in cats and dogs |
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Term
| Uncinaria Stenocephala can be diagnosed by what? |
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Definition
| FEC - eggs 70-80um, then a larval culture to get a look at the L3's |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Truchuris infective stage and egg appearance: |
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Definition
| L1 in egg, egg has bipolar plugs which are digested upon ingestion by the final host (Vulpis - dog, Suis - pig, Trichuria - man) |
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Term
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Definition
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