Term
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Definition
| postmortem examination of an animal |
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Term
| Necropsy is most likely to identify what sort of conditions? |
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Definition
-infectious disease processes
-nutritional deficiencies
-toxicities
-parasitic disease
-tumors |
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Term
| How to treat every carcass? |
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Definition
| as a potential health hazard |
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Term
| What happens to tissue immediately after death? What can this result in? |
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Definition
| tissues autolyze or break down, which can mask CoD or lead to misinterpretation of lesions |
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Term
| What 3 things are essential to the success of a necropsy? |
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Definition
| careful procurement, labeling, and storage of tissue samples |
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Term
| What sort of conditions are not likely to be identified by a necropsy, but instead require an on-site inspection? |
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Definition
| environmental conditions like overcrowding animals, deprivation, etc |
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Term
| If an animal cannot be examined at the time of death, how should you store the cadaver? |
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Definition
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Term
| A complete history of the patient should include: |
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Definition
1. Clinical signs
2. Duration of illness
3. Treatments
4. Environment (any changes? similar cases?)
5. Euthanasia method (affects tissues)
6. High potency narcotics like carfentanil
7. Tentative cause of death
8. Guidelines for tissue collection (can tissues be used for another study? is it a federally protected species? Species Survival Plan?) |
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Term
| After learning the patient history, what is next step? |
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Definition
| external physical examination |
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Term
| The external physical exam must include notes on: |
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Definition
1. ID, weight, sex
2. Overall body condition
3. Nutritional status
4.Skin and hair-coat / feather condition
5. Mucous membrane color
6. Signs of trauma |
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Term
| What is normal joint fluid like? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should large animals be positioned for necropsy? What about small animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the beginning incision for a necropsy? What should you do after making this incision? |
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Definition
| midline incision, then reflect skin, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and bone |
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Term
| What needs to be examined during the internal exam? |
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Definition
-joint fluid
-identify internal organs and any adhesions, masses, discolorations
-fat (reserves, around organs)
-intestinal tract (lay out, examine, then push out contents)
-lungs (consistency, color; should float)
-heart (dissect in direction of blood flow)
-liver (consistency, color, should sink)
-remove head, dissect out brain |
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Term
| T/F: A healthy liver should float. |
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Definition
| FALSE - fatty livers will float |
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Term
| T/F: Healthy lungs should float. |
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Definition
| TRUE - sinking indicates compromised lung function in some way |
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Term
| What abnormalities might you find on internal organs? |
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Definition
-adhesions
-masses
-discolorations |
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Term
| How should you examine the intestinal tract? |
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Definition
-lay it out, examine the whole length
-then push contents out |
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Term
| How to perform the "float test" for lungs or liver? |
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Definition
-place the organ in formalin
-healthy lungs float, healthy livers sink |
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Term
| How to properly dissect the heart? |
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Definition
-follow direction of blood flow
-look for thickness of valves, walls
-measure if necessary |
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Term
| At what joint should you remove the head from the body? |
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Definition
| occipitoatlanto joint; "yes" joint |
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Term
| When should culture samples be taken? |
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Definition
| before dissection, to prevent contamination |
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Term
| In what manner/order should the cadaver be dissected? |
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Definition
| by organ system (thoracic then abdominal, or vice versa) to ensure collection/observation of all organs |
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Term
| What is bread-loafing? What is it used for? |
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Definition
-slicing into many pieces
-liver, lungs, spleen
-to look for lesions that may not be seen from the outside; also to properly preserve large organs in formalin |
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Term
| How to list quantitative information? |
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Definition
| -detailed measurements (fluid volume, metric LxWxH) |
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Term
| Tissue descriptions should include: |
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Definition
-location
-color
-size
-shape
-consistency
-texture |
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Term
| How much formalin should be used for histopathology samples? |
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Definition
| formalin should be 10x volume of the tissue volume |
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Term
| Tissues should be what size when placed in formalin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must be done to collect bone marrow? |
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Definition
| -strip bone of skin and muscle -crack bone or inject with formalin at both ends |
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Term
| What organs need to be injected with formalin before being sent out for histopathology? |
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Definition
-bone marrow
-intestinal tract
-eyes of larger animals |
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Term
| How to preserve small or floating tissue samples? |
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Definition
| tissue cassette or wrap in gauze to sink |
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Term
| Specimen labels must include what information? |
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Definition
-species name
-necropsy or ID #
-date
-tech initials
-tissues collected |
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Term
| Storing specimens in the fridge preserves what? |
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Definition
| tissues, bacteria, viruses |
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