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Neck
muscles, veins, arteries, nerves, bones
52
Anatomy
Graduate
01/18/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Hyoid

 

C3 level

suspended via attachments of muscle

no articulation with bones

greater and lesser horns

body

Term
[image]
Definition

THYROID CARTILAGE

 

hyaline cartilage

larygeal prominence - adam's apple

thyroid notch

Term
[image]
Definition

Cricoid Cartilage

 

hyaline cartilage

articulates with thyroid cartilage

complete ring

found between larynx and trachea

Term
[image]
Definition

Jugular (suprasternal) Notch

 

fossa between sternal heads of SCM

Term
[image]
Definition

Thyroid Gland


thyroid is deep to infrahyoid muscles, 2 lobes and isthmus bridge, 

 

Endocrine Function- growth, temp regulation, sympathetic activity, secretes T3, T4 and calcitonin

Term
[image]
Definition

Parathyroid Glands


Four small glands located in each lobe of thyroid gland,

Endocrine function - critical role in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance

Term
[image]
Definition

Pharynx- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

 

function- pass food to esophagus an conduct air to larynx and trachea, two layers of muscles (constrictors and inner longitudinal), innervation of these muscles is CN 10 (vegus), during swallowing epiglottis will move over and close to prevent food from going down trachea

Term
[image]
Definition

Larynx

[image]

 

 

Connects pharynx to trachea, voice production via complex mechanism consisting of cartilage, ligaments and small (but important) laryngeal muscles

inferior laryngeal nerve innervates all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except one

lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes paralysis of vocal folds!

Term
Trachea
Definition
begins at inferior larynx (inferior to cricoid cartilage) and descends to sternal angle (biforcates into R/L primary bronchi)
Term
Esophagus
Definition
muscular tube that is continuous with the larygopharynx, descends through superior mediastinum and then posterior mediastinum, pierces diaphragm and enters the stomach muscles of stomach- 1st third is voluntary/striated muscle, 2nd is involuntary smooth muscle and 3rd third is both types
Term
[image]
Definition

Posterior Triangle[image]

Can be split into occipital and supraclavicular triangles - separated by omohyoid inferior belly.

Contains- EJV, transverse cervical artery, subclavian artery, suprascapular artery, trunks of brachial plexus, CN11, cutaneous branches of cervical plexis, inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, floor is medial and posterior scalenes, levator scapula and splenius capitis, also contains cervical and supraclavical lymph nodes

Term
[image]
Definition

Anterior Triangle

[image]

 

Contents- hyoid muscles, arteries, veins, nerves, lymph nodes and viscera

 

4 subdivisions- 1. Submandibular triangle (digastric), 2. carotid triangle, 3. muscular triangle, 4. submental triangle

Term
[image]
Definition

Submental Triangle

A part of the Anterior Triangle

[image]

Contents- submental lymph nodes

Term
[image]
Definition

Submandibular/Digastric Triangle

 

[image]

has submandibular lymph nodes and gland (saliva to tongue),

borders- anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle and the mandible

contents- submandibular gland/duct, submandibular lymph nodes, CN12 (hypoglossal nerve)

Term
[image]
Definition

Carotid Triangle[image]

Contents- CCA, ECA, IJV, CN10, 11 and 12- superior root of ansa cervicalis, branches of cervical plexus, thyroid, larynx and pharynx

Term
[image]
Definition

Muscular Triangle

A section of the anterior triangle

 

Contents- infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

[image]

Term
[image]
Definition

Supraclavicular Fossa


depression overlying the supraclavicular triangle

pressure point of subclavian artery

palpate subclavian pulse just posterior to triangle

Term

SCM

 

sternal and clavicular attachments up to mastoid process

Definition
[image][image][image][image]
Term
[image]
Definition

Superficial Lymph Nodes

 

located throughout head and neck

drain superficial structures and eventually drain into deep cervical lymph nodes

Term
[image]
Definition

Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

 

tend to follow IJV and are located deep to SCM

drain into R/: brachiocephalic veins

Term
[image]
Definition

Drainage into Brachicephalic Veins

 

Thoracic duct: drains at bifurcation of L IJV and subclavian v. as they merge into brochiocephalic

 

R Lyphatic duct: drains near bifurcation of R IJV and subclavian v. as they merge into brochiocephalic v.

Term
Superficial Cervical Fascia
Definition

thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue

contains platysma muscle

Term
[image]
Definition

Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

 

Most superficial of deep dervical fascia

invests SCM and Traps..."Four Corner"

 

Term
[image][image]
Definition

Prevertebral Fascia

 

contains: 

scalnes and prevertebral muscles

posterior muscles of the neck

cervical vertebral column

Term
[image][image]
Definition

Pretracheal Fascia

 

top: muscular portion of the pretrachial fascia, invests suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

 

bottom: visceral portion of pretrachial fascia, invests larynx, trachea, and thyroid gland

Term
[image]
Definition

Cervical Plexus

 

[image]

4 Sensory Branches- 1. lessor occipital nerve (C2) supplies posterior skull, 2. greater auricular nerve (C2-3) supplies anterior to ear, 3. transverse cervical nerve innervates sin of anterior triangle, 4. Supraclavicular nerve divides into three branches (anterior, middle and posterior)

 

2 Motor Branches- 1. Ansa Cervicalis- innervates infrahyoid muscles (except thyrohyoid), 2. Phrenic Nerve- motor supply to diaphragm

Term
[image]
Definition

Carotoid Sheath

 

contains:

CCA (common carotid atery)

ICA (internal carotid artery)

IJV (internal jugular vein)

CN 10 (vagus)

Term
[image]
Definition

Retropharyngeal Space

 

smooth, friction-less

between buccopharyngeal fascia and pre-vertebrial fascia

potential sight for swelling due to trauma/infection: would impair speech and swalowing

Term
[image]
Definition

Phrenic Nerve

 

motor supply to diaphragm


Motor Branch of the cervical plexus

Term
[image]
Definition

Brachial Plexus

 

Clinically- potential site for entrapment- referred pain

 

Located between anterior and middle scalene- dorsal and scapular nerves and thoracic nerves are here

Term
[image]
Definition

Left side- CCA and Subclavian arise directly from aortic arch (CCA on to head, Subclavian to body)

Right side- Brachiosephalic trunk arises from aortic arch THEN CCA and Subclavian come from that trunk (again CCA going up to head, Subclavian going outward)

Term
[image]
Definition

Thyrohyoid

 

Inf: oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Sup: body and greater horn of hyoid

N: C1 via CNX11 (hypoglossal nerve)

A: depresses the thyroid cartilage (larynx)

Term
[image]
Definition

Common Carotid Artery

Carotid sinus (baroreceptor) and Carotid Body (Chemoreceptor) are at biforcation, they then split into Internal Carotid Artery- NO branches in neck, ascends up to carotid canal of temporal bone to supply brain

and

External Carotid Artery- gives into 8 branches as it ascends into neck (superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery)

Term
[image]
Definition

Sternohyoid

 

inf: posterior manubrium of sternum

sup: oblique line of throid cartilage

n: ansa cervicalis

a: depresses the thyroid carilage (larynx)

Term
[image]
Definition

Omohyoid

 

superior belly (top): intermediate tendon to body of hyoid

inferior belly (bottom): superior border scapula to intermediate tendon

N: ansa cervicalis

A: depresses, retracts and stabilizes hyoid

Term
[image]
Definition

3/8 branches of external carotid artery that supply face

[image]

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Subclavian Artery and Branches

[image]

Vertebral Artery- branches supply spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum

Thyrocervical Trunk- branches into inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery

Internal Thoracic Artery- upt to upper six costal cartilages

Dorsal Scapular Artery- really a branch of thyrocervical

Term
[image]
Definition

Mylohyoid (suprahyoid muscle)

 

sup: mylohyoid line of mandible

Inf: raphe and body of hyoid

N: mylohyoid n

A: elevates hyoid and tongue and during speech and swallowing

Term
[image]
Definition

Genohyoid

 

sup: inferior mental spine of mandible

inf: body of hyoid

N: branch of C1 via C12

a: pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly (widens pharynx during deglutition)

Term
[image]
Definition

Stylohyoid

 

sup: styloid process of temporal bone

inf: body of hyoid

n: CN7 facial nerve

a: elevates and retracts hyoid (elongates floor of mouth)

Term
[image]
Definition

Digastric

 

Anterior Belly

Posterior Belly

n: anterior: mylohyoid n

posterior: CN 7

a: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

Term
[image]
Definition

Anterior Scalene

 

sup: transverse processes C3-6

inf: 1st rib

a: lateral flexion of c spine, assists in rotating neck to opposite side

Term
[image]
Definition

Scalene Medius

 

sup: transverse processes of C2-7

inf: superior surface of 1st rib

a: elevates 1st rib (inspiration)

lateral flexion of cervical spine

Term
[image]
Definition

[image]

External Jugular Vein- distention with cardiovascular pressure

Anterior Jugular Vein- drains into EJV

Internal Jugular Vein- right IJV is site for cardiac catheterization, distention with increased cardiovascular pressure as well

Term
[image]
Definition

Scalenus Posterior

 

sup: transverse processes C4-C6

inf: outer surface 2nd rib

a: lateral flexion of cervical spine

elevates 2nd rib (inspiration)

Term
[image]
Definition

Longus Coli

 

inf: vertebral bodies of C5-T3 and transverse processes of C3-C5

sup: body C2-4, transverse processes C5-6 

a: flexes head and neck (forward movement)

Term
[image]
Definition

[image]

Brachiosephalic Vein- Inferior thyroid vein, IJV, subclavian ein, AJV and lymphatics (left thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct) all drain into this

Superior Vena Cava- descends to heart 

Term
[image]
Definition

Longus Capitis

 

inf: transverse processes C3-C6

sup: base of skull

a: flexes head and neck

Term
[image]
Definition

Subclavian Vein- clinically site for central line and right subclavian for cardiac catheterization

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Rectus Capitis Anterior

 

inf: lateral mass of atlas

sup: base of skull anteior to occipital condyle

a: flexes head

Term
[image]
Definition

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

 

inf: transverse process of atlas

sup: jugular process of occipital bone

a: flexes head

Term
[image]
Definition
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