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Neck
Test 4
55
Anatomy
Graduate
08/17/2009

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Term
Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve would affect which anterior neck muscles and what actions?
Definition
Anterior digastric which depresses and retracts the mandible and the mylohyoid which elevates the hyoid and the floor of the mouth
Term
What forms the ansa cervicalis?
Definition
Descending hypoglossal which carries fibers from C1 and the descending cervical which has fibers from C2-C3
Term
What muscles of the infrahyoid region would be affected by damage to the ansa cervicalis?What movement of the hyoid bone would be primarily affected?
Definition
Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid muscles and depression of hyoid
Term
What muscles form and lie in the submandibular triangle?
Definition
Anterior digastric, posterior digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, hyoglossus, middle pharyngeal constrictor
Term
Trauma to the area of hte submandibular triangle would affect which nerves and arteries? What areas would each of hte nerves and arteries effect?
Definition
The hypoglossal N to the tongue, lingual N to the tongue and mylohyoid N to the anterior digastric and mylohyoid muscles would be involved as well as the lingual A to the tongue and Facial a to the face.
Term
Name the branches off the internal carotid artery in the neck?
Definition
No branches
Term
name the branches off the external carotid artery in the neck.
Definition
Superior thyroid a., lingual A., Facial A. Occipital A
Term
Name two structures run with the common carotid artery in the neck.
Definition
Internal jugular V and the Vagus N.
Term
What are two motor and sensory nerves from the vagus nerve in the carotid triangle?
Definition
The recurrent laryngeal and external laryngeal nerves to the muscles of hte larynx are in this region as the internal laryngeal nerve which is sensory to the larynx and sensory nerves to the carotid sinus and body.
Term
Which ligaments conneck the thyroid and the cricoid cartilages?
Definition
Median and lateral cricothyroid ligaments?
Term
Which muscle runs with the vocal ligament?
Definition
Vocalis muscle
Term
Damage to the external laryngeal nerve would affect which intrinsic muscle of hte larynx?
Definition
Cricothyroid muscle
Term
Would damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve have a greater effect on phonation than damage to the external laryngeal nerve?
Definition
Yes because the recurrent laryngeal innervates all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx which are used for phonation except hte cricothyroid muscle
Term
What would be impaired in the larynx with damage to the internal laryngeal nerve?
Definition
Sensation of the larynx
Term
What are the main branches directly off the subclavian artery in the deep anterior neck?
Definition
Costocervical trunk, internal thoracic A., thyrocervical trunk, vertebral A
Term
What are the main branches directly off the thyrocervical trunk in the deep anterior neck?
Definition
Inferior thyroid A., ascending cervical A., transverse cervica A and suprascapular A (If it arise from the trunk and this varies)
Term
What two muscles in the deep neck flex the head?
Definition
Longus capitis and rectus capitis anterior
Term
What muscle group flexes the neck?
Definition
Longus colli group
Term
What movement might tear these flexors of the head and neck?
Definition
Excessive backward extension of the head and neck
Term
What is hte main difference between the innervation of the facial nerve and the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
The facial N is motor to the muscles of facial expression while the trigeminal is the sensory nerve of the face
Term
Where would the sensory impairment to the face occur with a lesion to the supraorbital N?
Definition
Area above the eyes; forehead
Term
Where would the sensory impairment to the face occur with a lesion to the inferior alveolar N?
Definition
Front of the mandible
Term
Where would the sensory impairment to the face occur with a lesion to the buccal n?
Definition
Cheek area
Term
Where would the sensory impairment to the face ocur with a lesion to the maxillary nerve?
Definition
Area below the eyes
Term
Where would the sensory impairment to the face occur with a lesion to the frontal nerve?
Definition
Forehead and nose
Term
What arteries provide the main blood supply to the face?
Definition
Facial and transverse facial arteries are the main blood supply to the face but the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental arteries contribute
Term
With a paralysis of the facial muscles around the mouth, what actions would be impaired?
Definition
elevation and depression of the lips and angles of hte mouth, puckering of hte lips, which affect smiling, frowning, pouting, sucking, eating, speaking
Term
What structures do not fuse with a cleft lip?
Definition
Medial nasal prominence and the maxilla
Term
What structures do not fuse with a cleft palate?
Definition
Lateral palatine processes of hte maxilla and the nasal septum
Term
What muscles of the face could be affected with a damage to the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?
Definition
Zygomaticus major and minor, part of the orbicularis occuli below the eye, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris, and the levator labii superioris alaque nasi
Term
What is the difference between the buccal nerve and the buccal branch of the facial nerve?
Definition
The buccal nerve is off the mandibular division of the trigeminal N. and is sensory to the cheek region of the face hwere as the buccal branch of the facial N is off the Facial N and is motor to the buccinator muscle
Term
What sensory impairment occurs in the face with damage to the facial nerve?
Definition
There is no sensory impairment to the face. Facial N is motor to the muscles of facial expression and it is hte trigeminal N that is sensory to the face
Term
What structures attach to the intra-articular disc of the TMJ?
Definition
Lateral pterygoid M, joint capsule, superior and inferior laminae
Term
What structures would be damaged if the mandibular condyle were dislocated in a posterior direction?
Definition
Parotid gland, external auditory meatus, facial nerve trunk, auriculotemporal nerve, and superficial temporal BV
Term
What structures would be damaged if the mandibular condyle were dislocated in a medial direction?
Definition
Chorda tympani of VII and middle meningeal A
Term
What do all of the muscles of mastication have in common?
Definition
These muscles are all closing jaw muscles and are all innvervated by the mandibular division of hte Trigeminal N
Term
What muscles close and protrude the lower jaw?
Definition
Masseter and medial nad lateral pterygoids
Term
What muscles will generate lateral jaw movement to the right?
Definition
Rt temporalis, left masseter, left medial pterygoid, left lateral pterygoid- the rt anterior and posterior digastrics would also be involved
Term
What could be the sensory and motor affect of damage to the maxillary division of V?
Definition
Sensory involvement to the palate, lateral face,face below the eye, the upper teeth but no motor affect.
Term
What nerves of hte mandibular division of V contain motor fibers?
Definition
Motor fibers are in the inferior alveolar N (mylohyoid N); nerves to the medial and lateral pterygoids; masseteric n and deep temporal nerves
Term
Does the anterior or posterior division of the mandibular division of V give off more motor nerves?
Definition
The anterior division gives off more motor nerves
Term
Which nerve of hte mandibular division contains both motor and sensory nerves?
Definition
Inferior alveolar N has both motor fibers to the mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles and sensory to the lower teeth and anterior mandible. Nerves to the muscles contain sensory fibers from those muscle and the auriculotemporal N which is sensory to the face has visceral motor to the parotid gland.
Term
Blood supply to which structures would be reduced with blockage of the 2nd part of the maxillary artery?
Definition
Blood to the masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, temporalis muscles and cheek region would be reduced as would blood to the upper teeth, palate, and the area of the face directly below the eye.
Term
Blood supply to which structures would be reduced with blockage of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery?
Definition
Blood to the upper teeth, palate and the area below the eye would be reduced.
Term
What are the nerve innervation and blood supply to the upper teeth?
Definition
The posterior alveolar, middle alveolar, and anterior alveolar nerves and arteries supply the upper teeth
Term
How does hte nerve innervation and blood supply to the hard palate differ from that of the soft palate?
Definition
The soft palate receives its innervation and blood supply by the lesser palatine N and A but the hard palate receives its innervation from the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves and blood supply from the greater palatine and sphenopalatine arteries
Term
Is it possible to lose motor control of the tongue but maintain taste and sensaiton? How?
Definition
yes bc motor to the tongue is by the hypoglossal N and general sensory by the lingual and glossopharyngeal N and taste by the chorda tympani of thefacial N and glossopharyngeal N
Term
Will damage to the facial nerve affect the tongue? How?
Definition
Yes by affecting the chorda tympani of the VII which is taste to the anterior 2/e of the tongue
Term
How does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue differ from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Definition
In the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, taste is by the chorda tympani and general sensation by the lingual N but in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue taste and general senssation are by the glossopharyngeal N.
Term
Is it possible to lose general sensation to the tongue but not taste or motor function? how?
Definition
Damage to the lingual nerve or to the mandibular division of V will affect general sensation but not taste as this by the chorda tympani of VII and not motor as this is by XII.
Term
What is common to the very back of the tongue and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Definition
The very back or root of the tongue is innervated by the vague (X) nerve and this is the same nerve that innervates the pharyngeal constrictor muscles of the pharynx. ( think of the gag reflex).
Term
Inability to move the eye laterally indicates damage to which nerve?
Definition
Abducens N. (VI)
Term
Inability to move the eye straight up and down, as well as medially, indicates damage to which nerve?
Definition
Occulomotor N. (III)
Term
If a person has a hearing problem, which part of the ear might be involved?
Definition
the external, middle or inner could be involved as these are all involved in the transmission or reception of sound waves for hearing.
Term
If a person has a balance problem, which part of the ear might be involed?
Definition
The inner ear is mostly involved as it is the only part of the ear that has this function.
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