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Neck Muscles
attachments, innervation, action
33
Anatomy
Professional
09/03/2012

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Term
Platysma
Definition
O: Mandible and skin of lower face
I: Fascia of anterior shoulder
N: CN 7
A: Draws skin of neck superiorly; Depression of corners of the mouth
Term
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Definition
O: Sternal Head: Manubrium; Clavicular Head: Medial Clavicle
I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
N: CN 11 (motor); C2-C4 proprioception
A: Individually: rotation of head to turn face superiorly to opposite side;
Together: flexion of neck to thrust chin forward
Term
Trapezius
Definition
O: Posterior skull; spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae
I: Spine and acromion of the scapula; Lateral clavicle
N: CN 11 (motor); C3-4 proprioception (ventral rami)
A: Elevation of scapula (upper fibers); Depression of scapula (lower fibers); Retraction of scapula (middle fibers); Lateral rotation of scapula (points glenoid cavity up)
Term
Sternothyroid
Definition
O: Manubrium of sternum
I: Thyroid Cartilage
N: C1-3 via Ansa Cervicalis
A: Depression of larynx
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
O: Manubrium of sternum and clavicle
I: Body of hyoid
N: C1-3 via Ansa Cervicalis
A: Depression of hyoid
Term
Thyrohyoid
Definition
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Greater horn and body of hyoid
N: C1- nerve to thyrohyoid via hypoglossal
A: Depression of hyoid and Elevation of larynx
Term
Omohyoid
Definition
O: Superior border of scapula
I: Body of hyoid
N: C1-3 via Ansa Cervicalis
A: Depression and retraction of hyoid
Term
Anterior belly of Digastric
Definition
O: Digastric fossa of mandible
I: Body of the hyoid via common tendon
N: CN V3- mylohyoid nerve
A: Depression of mandible and Elevation of hyoid
Term
Posterior belly of Digastric
Definition
O: Mastoid notch of temporal bone
I: Body of the hyoid via common tendon
N: CN 7
A: Depression of mandible and Elevation of hyoid
Term
Mylohyoid
Definition
O: Mylohyoid line on mandible
I: Body of the hyoid
N: CN V3- mylohyoid nerve
A: Support and elevation of floor of mouth; Elevation of hyoid
Term
Geniohyoid
Definition
O: Mental spine of mandible
I: Body of the hyoid
N: C1- nerve to geniohyoid via hypoglossal
A: Elevation and protraction of the hyoid; Depression of mandible
Term
Stylohyoid
Definition
O: Styloid process of temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid
N: CN 7
A: Elevation and retraction of the hyoid
Term
Anterior Scalene
Definition
O: C3-7 vertebrae (transverse processes)
I: Rib 1
N: Ventral rami of C4-7
A: Flexion of neck; Elevation of rib cage during inspiration
Term
Middle Scalene
Definition
O: C3-7 vertebrae (transverse processes)
I: Rib 1
N: Ventral rami of C4-7
A: Flexion of neck; Elevation of rib cage during inspiration
Term
Posterior Scalene
Definition
O: C3-7 vertebrae (transverse processes)
I: Rib 2
N: Ventral rami of C4-7
A: Flexion of neck; Elevation of rib cage during inspiration
Term
Longus Colli
Definition
O: Anterior C1-6 vertebrae
I: Anterior C3-T3 vertebrae
N: Ventral rami of C2-6
A: Individual: lateral rotation of head (turns face to opposite side)
Together: flexion of neck
Term
Longus Capitis
Definition
O: Anterior vertebrae C3-6
I: Occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-3
A: Flexion of the head
Term
Rectus capitis anterior
Definition
O: Atlas
I: Occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-2
A: Flexion of head
Term
Rectus capitis lateralis
Definition
O: Atlas
I: Occipital bone
N: Ventral rami C1-2
A: Flexion of head
Term
Splenius Capitis
Definition
O: Ligamentum nuchae; vertebrae C7-T4
I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
N: Dorsal rami of cervical nerves
A: Individual: lateral rotation of head (turns face to same side)
Together: extension of the head and neck
Term
Anterior triangle boundaries
Definition
Anterior midline of the neck
Lower border of the mandible
Anterior edge of the SCM
Term
Submandibular triangle boundaries and contents
Definition
Lower border of mandible
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Contents: submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, mylohyoid nerve, facial artery and vein
Term
Carotid triangle boundaries and contents
Definition
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Anterior border of SCM
Contents: Common facial vein tributaries; cervical branch facial nerve; common, ext, & int carotid arteries; superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, and occipital arteries; internal jugular v; vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves; superior & inferior roots of ansa cervicalis; transverse cervical N
Term
Muscular triangle boundaries and contents
Definition
Midline of neck
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Anterior border of SCM
Contents: Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid muscles; Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Term
Submental triangle boundaries and contents
Definition
Mandibular symphysis
Anterior belly digastric
Body of hyoid
Contents: Submental lymph nodes, tributaries forming ant jugular v
Term
Posterior triangle boundaries
Definition
Anterior border of trapezius
Posterior border of SCM
Lateral clavicle
Term
Occipital triangle boundaries and contents
Definition
Anterior border trapezius
Posterior border SCM
Inferior belly omohyoid
Contents: Ext Jugular V; Cervical plexus nerves (posterior branches); Accessory Nerve; Brachial plexus trunks; Transverse Cervical A; Cervical Lymph nodes
Term
Supraclavicular Triangle boundaries and contents
Definition
Inferior belly omohyoid
Posterior border SCM
Clavicle
Contents: Subclavian A and V; Suprascapular A and suprascapular lymph nodes
Term
Investing Layer Fascia
Definition
-surrounds entire neck
-splits around SCM and trap
-forms capsules of parotid and submandibular glands
-several bony attachments
Term
Pretracheal Layer Fascia
Definition
-encloses thyroid, trachea, and esophagus
-starts at level of hyoid
-blends into pericardium in thorax
Term
Buccopharyngeal Fascia
Definition
-from base of skull to thorax
-applied to pharynx and esophagus
-merges with (or is a part of) pretracheal fascia
Term
Prevertebral Fascia
Definition
-surrounds ventral and dorsal deep neck muscles
Term
Retropharyngeal space
Definition
potential space between prevertebral and buccopharyngeal fascias... extends from skull to mediastinum and therefore can spread infection to mediastinum
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