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Neck Anatomy
Neck Anatomy
94
Anatomy
Graduate
01/12/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Formed by the thyroid prominence of the larnyx
Definition
Laryngeal Prominence
Term
Location of Hyoid Bone
Definition
C3; just superior to the thyroid cartilage
Term
Location of Cricoid cartilage
Definition

C6

(Only complete ringe in the respiratory system)

Term
Origin and insertion of platysma m.
Definition

o: Fascia of the deltoid and pectoral major m.

 

i: inferior border of the mandible

Term
Innervation, arterial supply  and action of the Platysma m.
Definition

i: CNVII (facial)

art: submental branch of facial a.; supraclavicualar a.

a: muscle of facial expression

Term
Indertion of the Sternocleidomastoid m.
Definition

i: sternal head - anterior surface of the manubrium

clavicular head - superior surface of the medial 1/3 clavicle

Term
Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid m.
Definition
Lateral surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone AND lateral half odd the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
Term
Innervation and arterial supply of the Sternocleidomastoid m.
Definition

i: CN XI (accessory n.) and ventral ramus of C2/C3


a: Suprascapular a., SCM branch of Superior Thyroid a., Occipital a. and Posterior Auricular a. 

Term
Action of SCM
Definition

Alone: tilts head to own side and rotates chin superiorly

 

Together: flexes the neck

Term
Function of the External Jugular Vein
Definition
Drains scalp and face to the subclavian vein on the same side
Term
Names of 4 nerves from the fascia of the poserior triangle of the neck
Definition

1. Lesser Occipital n.

2. Greater Auricular n.

3. Transverse Coli (Cervical)

4. Medial, Int. and lateral supraclavicular nn.

Term
Course of the Lesser Occipital N.
Definition
travels superior to the scalp posterior to the ear
Term
Course of the Great Auricular N.
Definition
Travels superiorly, anterior to the Lesser Occipital., with the external jugular v.; pierces inferior to the Lesser Occipital n.
Term
Function of the Great Auricular n.
Definition
innervates the skin posterior to the ear, the ear, the lower side of the face and neck, and the superior 1/2 of the SCM
Term
Course of the Transverse Coli
Definition
Travels anteriorly, pierces the Platysma m.
Term
Function of the Transverse Coli
Definition
Innervates the skin over the anterior triangle
Term
Course of the 3 Supraclavicular nn.
Definition
travls to the skin over the anterior chest and shoulder
Term
What is the common location from which the 4 nerves of the posterior triangle emerge?
Definition
Erb's point
Term
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
Definition

Anterior: SCM border

Posterior: tranperzius anterior border

Inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle

Roof: deep, investing fascia covering the space between the Trap and the SCM

Term
What 6 muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle?
Definition

1. Splenius capitus m.

2. Levator scapulae m.

3. Scalenus anterior m.

4. Scalenus medius m.

5. Scalenus posterior m.

6. Semispinalis capitus m.

Term

Insertion, origin and innervation of Spenius Capitus m.

Definition

o: lower 1/2 of the ligamentum nuchae; spines C7 - T5

i: mastoid of the temporal bone and lateral superior nuchal line

n: lateral branch of the dorsal rami of lower/middle spinal nn.

Term

Insertion, origin and innervation of Levator Scapulae

Definition

o: C1-C4 transverse processes

i: superior angle of scapula

n: ventral rami of C3-4

Term
Insertion, origin and innervation of Scalenus anterior m.
Definition

o: C3-C6 transverse processes

i: scalene tubercle and upper surface of 1st rib

n: C4-C7 ventral rami

Term
Insertion, origin and innervation of Scalenus medius m.
Definition

o: C1-C7 transverse processes

i: superior surface of the 1st rib

n: C3-7 ventral rami

Term
Insertion, origin and innervation of Scalenus posterior m.
Definition

o: C4-C6 transverse processes

i: superior border of 2nd rib

n: C5-7 ventral rami

Term

The 2 main arteries of the posterior triangle

Definition

1. Transverse Cerival a.

2. Suprascapular a.

Term
Course of the transverse cervical a.
Definition
lateral and posterior to the scalene mm.; divides into posterior and deep at the Levator Scapulae
Term
Function of the transverse cervical a.
Definition

superficial branch: to levator scapulae m. and trapezius

deep branch: to lavetor scapulae m. and rhomboids

Term
Course of the subscapular a.
Definition

Lateral and posterior inferior to the transverse cervical a.; also anterior to the phrenic n. and scalenus a.

 

Travels through the Great Scapular Nothc (over ligament) to the infraspinous fossa.

Term
Function of the suprascapular a.
Definition
Supplies the muscle around the scapula
Term
2 ("stand-alone"; not in a plexus) nerves in the posterior triangle
Definition

Spinal Acessory n.

Dorsal Scapular n.

("Nerve to the rhomboids")

Term
2 nerve plexuses in the posterior traingle
Definition
Cervical plexus and brachnial plexus
Term
Branches in the cervical plexus
Definition

1. Lesser orbital n. (C2)

2. Great auricular n. (C2-3)

3. Transverse Coli n. (C2-3)

4. Suprascapular n. (C3-4)

5. Phrenic n. (C3-5)

 

Term
Course of the cervical plexus
Definition
Deep to the internal jugular vein and SCM; just deep to CNXI
Term
Course of the brachial plexus
Definition
roots and trunks located between scalenus anterior and medius.
Term
Two dividions of the posterior triangle; what muscle divides them?
Definition

Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular traingle)

 

Occipital triangle

Term
Boundaries of the Anterior triangle
Definition

Anteromedian line of the neck

Inferior border of the mandible

Anterior border of the SCM

Term
Apex of the Anterior triangle
Definition
the jugular notch
Term
Name the 4 Suprahyoid muscles
Definition

1. Mylohyoid

2. Geniohyoid

3. Digastric

4. Stylohyoid

Term

Origin and insertion of the Mylohyoid m.

Definition

o: medial aspect of the manible

i: midline raphe and body of the hyoid

Term
Innervation and action of the Mylohyoid m.
Definition

i: mylohyoid n. (off the inderior alveolar from the mandibular division of the trigeminal n.)

 

act: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tounge (in swallowing, speaking)

Term
Origin and insertion of the Geniohyoid m.
Definition

o: mandible

i: body of hyoid

Term
Innervation and action of the Geniohyoid m.
Definition

n: ventral ramus of the hypoglossal n. (CN XII)


act: pulls on hyoid during swallowing

Term
Origin and Innervation of the Digastric m.
Definition

o: Anterior - digastric fossa on mandible

Posterior - mastoid process of temporal bone

 

i: Both - tendon attached to the hyoid (sling)

Term
Innervation and action of the digastric m.
Definition

n: Anterior - mylohyoid n. 

Posterior - facial n. (CN VII)


act: Both - raise the hyoid during swallowing and speaking

Posterior - open mouth, depress mandible

Term
Innervation and action of the stylohyoid m.
Definition

n: Branch of the facial n.(CN VII)

act: raises hyoid during swallowing

Term

Origin of Ansa Cervicalis (Superior and Inferior roots)

Definition

C1-C3, overall

 

Superior root: C1 + hypoglossal n. to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid

Inferior root: C2-3

 

Branches then meet and form a loop (to omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid)

Term
The 4 infrahyoid muscles
Definition

1. Sternohyoid

2. Omohyoid

3. Sternothyroid

4. Thyrohyoid

Term
Origin and innervation of the sternohyoid m.
Definition

o: sternal end of clavicle/manubrium

i: body of hyoid

Term

Innervation and action of the sternothyroid m.

Definition

n: C1-3 from cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)

act: depresses hyoid after it is raised during swallowing

Term
Origin and insertion of the omohyoid m.
Definition

o: Inferior belly - superior boder of scapula (near suprascapular notch)

Superior belly - Intermediate tendon

i: Inferior belly - Intermediate tendon

Superior belly - hyoid body

Term
Innervation and action of the omohyoid m.
Definition

n: C1-3 via ansa cervicalis

act: depresses the hyoid

Term
Origin and innervation of the sternothyroid m.
Definition

o: posterior surface of the manubrium

i: side of the thyroid cartilage

Term
Innervation and action of the sternothyroid m.
Definition

n: C1-3 via ansa cervicalis

act: pulls larnyx inferiorly

Term
Origin and insertion of the thyrohyoid m.
Definition

o: thyroid cartilage (oblique line on side)

i: body of the hyoid

Term
Innervation and action of the thyroihyoid m.
Definition

n: C1 (ventral ramus of the hypglossal n. )

act: elevates the larnyx (swallowing)

Term
Borders of the submandibular triangle
Definition

Inferior border of the mandible

2 bellies of the digatric

Term
Contents of the submandibular triangle
Definition

Submandibular gland**

Submandibular duct

Hypoglossal N. (CNXII)

Stylohyoid m.

Term
Borders of the Carotid triangle
Definition

Sternocleidomastoid M.

Superior belly of the Omohyoid M.

Posterior belly of the Digastric M.

Term
Contents of carotid triangle
Definition
Common Carotid A. (then internal and external carotid a.)
Hypoglossal N.
Branches of the external carotid a.
Carotid sheath (Common and Internal Carotid AA.)
Vagus N.
Internal Jugular Vein
Term
Branches off the external carotid a.
Definition

Superior thyroid a.

Lingual a.

Facial a.

Ascending pharyngeal a.

Occipital a.

Term
What is the carotid sinus?
Definition
located at the origin of the internal carotid a.; it responds to changes in arterial pressure
Term
What is the carotid body?
Definition
Located at the bifarcation of the carotid a.; it is a chemoreceptor that responds to increased CO2 or decreased O2
Term
Contents of the carotid sheath
Definition
Internal jugular v., internal carotid a., vagus n.
Term
Borders of the muscular triangle
Definition

Superior belly of the omohyoid m.

Anterior SCM

Midline of the neck

Term
Contents of the muscular traingle
Definition

The infrahyoid mm.:

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

AND the thyroid gland

Term
Borders of the submental traingle
Definition

Hyoid bone

Right and left anterior bellies of the digatric m.

 

Floor made of the mylohyoid mm.

Term
Contents of the submental traingle
Definition

submental lymph nodes

small veins that join anterior jugular v.

Term
What divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?
Definition
Anterior scalene m.
Term
From what part of the subclavian a. does the vertrbra a. branch off?
Definition
1st part
Term
From what part of the subclavian a. does the thyrocervical trunk branch off?
Definition
1st part - after vertebral a.
Term
What are the 3 branches off the thyrocervical trunk?
Definition
Suprascapular a., Inferior thyroid a.  and transverse cervical a.
Term
What artery comes off the subclavian in part 2?
Definition
costocervical trunk
Term
What is the final branch to come off in part 1?
Definition
internal thoracic a.
Term
What do the vertrabral arteries come together to form?
Definition
Basalar Artery --> Circle of Willis
Term
What arteries come off the costercervical trunk?
Definition
Superior intercostal and deep cervical aa.
Term
What is the clinical ramifications of an aneurysm in the 3rd branch of the subclavian a.?
Definition
Pinching of the brachial plexus
Term
What is the benefits of the subclavian steal syndrome?
Definition
A blockage in the subclavian artery prior to the vertebral a. branching off will flow through the basalar aa. and the circle of willis to supply flow after the blockage.
Term
What two veins come toegtehr to form the brachiocephalic vein?
Definition
Internal jugular and subclavian v.
Term
What is the source and pathway of the R recurrent laryngeal n.?
Definition
Comes off the R vagus, travels around the subclavian and loops upward to the esophagus/trachea and larnyx
Term
Where would you find the phrenic n. in the neck?
Definition
on top (anterior) to the Anterior scalene m.
Term
Where does the thoracic duct empty?
Definition
On the left side of the neck at the junction of the subclavian v. and the internal jugular v. (right before it becomes gthe brachiocephalic v.)
Term
What arteries supply the thyroid gland?
Definition
Superior and inferior thyropid a.
Term
What 3 veins drain the thyroid gland?
Definition
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid vv.
Term
Why 2 thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular v.? Where does the other one drain?
Definition
Superior and Middle into internal jugular v.; inferior into L brachiocephalic v.
Term
What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
Definition
The isthmus of the thyroid
Term
What levels of the trachea does the thyroid gland cover?
Definition
Rings 2-4
Term
The esophagus lies posterior to _____ and anterior to ______?
Definition
posterior to the trachea and anterior to the spinal column (anterior longitudinal ligament)
Term
Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend?
Definition
Between the trachea and the esophagus
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