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| River Bridge v. Warren Bridge |
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| Supreme Court ruled that a charter granted by a state to a company cannot work to the disadvantage of the public. |
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| The case was the first judgement in the U.S. that recognized that the conspiracy law is inapplicable to unions and that strikes for a closed shop are legal. |
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| Region between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains. |
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| expressed the inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific |
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| Founder and editor of the New York Tribune. He said that people who were struggling in the East could make the fortunes by going west. |
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| Senator Thomas Hart Benton |
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| A zealous supporter of western interests, he staunchly advocated government support of frontier exploration during his term in the Senate from 1820 - 1850 |
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| founded the first settlement of Americans in Texas. In 1833 he was sent by the colonists to negotiate with the Mexican government for Texan indedendence |
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| Texas War for Independence |
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| After a few skirmishes with Mexican soldiers in 1835, Texas leaders met and organized a temporary government. Texas troops initially seized San Antonio, but lost it after the massacre of the outpost garrisoning the Alamo. In respone, Texas issued a Declaration of Independence. Santa Ana tried to swiftly put down the rebellion, but Texan soldiers surprised him and his troops on April 21, 1836. They crushed his forces and captured him in the Battle of San Jacinto, and forced him to sign a treaty granting Texan independence. U.S. lent no aid. |
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As dictator of Mexico, he led the attack on the Alamo in 1836. He was later defeated by Sam Houston at San Jacinto.
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A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force.
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| A surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836 |
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| Texas army in 1835, he led them to victory at San Jacinto, where they were outnumbered 2 to 1. He was President of the Republic of Texas (1836-1838 & 1841-1845) |
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| Created March, 1836 but not recognized until the next month after the battle of San Jacinto. |
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| U.S. made Texas a state in 1845 |
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| both houses of Congress supported annexation under Tyler, and he signed the bill shortly before leaving office. |
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| The annexation of Texas and the reoccupation of Oregon. Tariff reform. |
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| An aggressive slogan adopted in the Oregon boundary dispute, a dispute over where the border between Canada and Oregon should be drawn. |
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| known for promoting Manifest Destiny. |
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| Slidell mission to Mexico |
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| went to Mexico to pay for disputed Texas and California land. But the Mexican government was still angry about the annexation of Texas and refused to talk to him. |
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| Commander of the Army of Occupation on the Texas border. On President Polk’s orders, he took the Army into the disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grnade Rivers and built a fort on the north bank of the Rio Grande River. |
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| Congressman Abraham Lincoln supported a proposition to find the exact spot where American troops were fired upon, suspecting that they had illegally crossed into Mexican territory. |
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| ommander of the Army of the West in the Mexican War, marched all the way to California, securing New Mexico. |
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| Civil governor of California, led the Army exploration to help Kearny. Heard that a war with Mexico was coming, thought he could take California by himself before the war began and become a hero. |
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| Led the U.S. forces' march on Mexico City during the Mexican War. He took the city and ended the war. |
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| ent as a special envoy by President Polk to Mexico City in 1847 to negotiate an end to the Mexican War. |
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| Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago |
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| treaty required Mexico to cede the American Southwest, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and California, to the U.S. U.S. gave Mexico $15 million in exchange, so that it would not look like conquest. |
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Benito Juarez overthrew Mexican dictator Santa Ana. Mexico began blocking American immigration (Mexico for Mexicans only).
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| Some of Mexico's territory was added to the U.S. after the Mexican War: Arizona, New Mexico, California, Utah, Nevada & Colorado. (Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago) |
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| Established Maine's northern border and the boundaries of the Great Lake states. |
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| Carolina and Creole Affairs |
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| A group of Canadian malcontents determined to free Canada from British rule made looting forays into Canada from an island being supplied by a ship from Carolina. The Canadians burned the vessel and killed an American on board. The Creole Affair involved slaves who mutinied and killed a crewman, then sailed to the Bahamas, where the British let them all go. The U.S. wanted the slaves back, but Britain refused. The ship stolen by the slaves was the Creole. |
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| Maine lumberjacks camped along the Aroostook Rive in Maine in 1839 tried to oust Canadian rivals. |
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| His American fur company (est. 1808) rapidly became the dominant fur trading company in America. |
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| Many Eastern and Midwestern farmers and city dwellers were dissatisfied with their lives and began moving up the Oregon trail to the Willamette Valley. |
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| The spot where many settlers travelling along the Oregon trailed stopped. |
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| The territory comprised what arenow the states of Oregon and Washington, and portions of what became British Columbia, Canada. |
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| The Oregon Treaty of 1846 established an U.S./Canadian (British) border along this parallel. |
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| Election of 1848: Cass, Taylor |
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| Taylor side-stepped the issue of slavery and allowed his military reputation to gain him victory. Cass advocated states' rights in the slavery issue. Free Soil Party wanted no slavery in Oregon. |
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| submitted his Appropriations Bill of 1846 requesting Congress' approval of the $2 million indemnity to be paid to Mexico under the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo, Pennsylvania Representative David Wilmot attached a rider which would have barred slavery from the territory acquired. |
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| would provide for the purchase of the territory through which the stage lines ran, along which the U.S. hoped to also eventually build a southern continental railroad. This territory makes up the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. |
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| Domination or leadership - especially the predominant influence of one state over others. Northern states seemed to be dominating Southern states. |
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| "Transportation Revolution" |
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| By the 1850s railroad transportation was fairly cheap and widespread. It allowed goods to be moved in large quantities over long distances, and it reduced travel time. This linked cities' economies together. |
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| were a group of Boston businessmen who built the first power loom. |
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| It was the first factory in the world to manufacture cotton cloth by power machinery in a building. |
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| opened a chaperoned boarding house for the girls who worked in his factory. |
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