Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NAVLE-Equine A-Z Part 3
Equine A-Z Part 3
100
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/21/2009

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What causes neonatal isoerythrolysis?
Definition
multiparous dams
CLOSTRUM WITH MATERNAL AB ATTACK FOALS RBC AGs (inhertied from sire)
Term
What are signs of NI?
Definition
born normal but become lethargic, icteric, pale, increased HR/RR, weak, afebrile, ywan 2-3 days after birth]
Hemolytic anemia (icterus, hemoglobinuria)
Term
How is NI diagnosed?
Definition
screen MATERNAL SERUM/PLASMA/COLOSTURM against FOAL OR PATERNAL RBC (combine mare colostrum with foal RBC see if lysis occurs)
COOMB'S TEST (detects Ab on RBC)
Stallion Qa+/mare Qa-: disease
Term
How is NI tx?
Definition
supportive, stop colostrum, tranfusino with washed maternal rbc, rest, fluids, low stress, ab, anti-ulcer meds
Term
How to prevent NI?
Definition
muzzle foal for 24 hr after birth and feed compatable colostrum
Term
DDx for NI?
Definition
sepsis, toxic hepatic failure, EHV1, tyzzer's
Term
Where is the nephrosplenic ligament?
Definition
connects the LEFT kidney capsule to dorsomedial SPLEEN, can't see L kidney on u/s
Term
What is the palmar digital block?
Definition
blocks heel, palmar digitial nerve, dx navicular dz
Term
What ist eh abaxial sesamoid block?
Definition
foot block, pastern block; makes horse with acute laminits comformtable
Term
What is teh low 4 point block?
Definition
fetlock block, low palmar, volar; blocks fetlock and below; blocks palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves
Term
What causes NSAID toxicosis?
Definition
Bute depletes PG E
Term
What are signs of NSAID toxicosis?
Definition
ulcerative GE: RIGHT DORSAL COLON
renal papillary necrosis
edema: protein loss through GI, kidneys
Term
How do you treat NSAID toxicosis?
Definition
MISOPROSTEL (PGE ANALOG)
Term
What is Onchocerciasis?
Definition
dermatitis due to HYPERSENSIVITY to dying microfilaria (transmitted by Culicoides)
Term
What are the lesions associated with Onchocerciasis?
Definition
DIAMOND SHAPED LESIONS, "BULL'S EYE" lesion on top of head, NON ICHY/NON SEASONAL, alopecia, scaling of VENTRAL MIDLINE, face, and pecs
Term
How is Onchocerciasis dx? tx?
Definition
history, signs, exclusion, response to tx
ivermectin tx microfilaria
Term
What is OC?
Definition
defect in endochondral ossification, produces a cartilaginous flap within joint
Term
Common locations for OC in horses?
Definition
sagittal ridge of cannon bone, DIRT, lateral trochlear ridge of femur, humeral head
Term
What are ddx for OC?
Definition
osteomyelitis, trauma, septic arthritis
Term
What is Oxytetracycline used to treat in the horse?
Definition
PHF, equine graulocytic ehrlichiosis
Term
____ is the equine pin-worm taht infests the perineal region and causes irritation after egg laying.
Definition
Oxyuris equi
Term
___ is the foal roundworm?
Definition
Parascaris equorum
Term
Are signs of parascaris equorum in foals?
Definition
verminous pneumonia, intestinal impaction
Term
How do you treat parascaris in the foal?
Definition
slow kill dewormer FBZ so you don't cause an impaction
Term
What is the pastern joint?
Definition
Proximal interphalangeal joint PIP, connects P1 and P2
Term
What is the etiology behind patent urachus?
Definition
EXCESSIVE HANDLING, URACHUS CONNECTS FETAL BLADDER TO ALLANTOIC SAC by way of the umbilicus
Term
What are signs of patent urachus?
Definition
urine leaking from umbilicus, scald on ventrum, swollen umbilicus
Term
an autoimmune disease in which AB form against INTERCELLULAR ADHESIN PROTEINS.
Definition
pemphigus foliaceus
Term
What are the forms of pemphigus foliaceus?
Definition
juvenile: spontaneous remission, good prognosis; adult: worse prognosis
Term
What are signs of pemphigus foliaceus in horses?
Definition
generalized crusting around mucocutaneous junctions, head, limbs, and ventrum
Term
How is pemphigus foliaceus dx and tx?
Definition
biopsy: acantholytic cells
tx: immunosuppressive steriods
Term
What is a peroneus tertius rupture?
Definition
distrupts teh STAY APPARTUS, able to extend hock and FLEX stifle simultaneously; distal limb hangs as limb advances
Term
What is the treatment for peroneus tertius rupture?
Definition
rest and NSAIDs...good prognosis
Term
What is pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLP)?
Definition
common, normal immunological event in younger horses
Term
What happens if bute is given other than IV or IM?
Definition
atery: SEIZURES/DEATH
peri-vascular: skin slough, swell, necrosis
Term
What is physitis?
Definition
SWELLING AROUND GROWTH PLATES of yougn horses
Term
What are causes of physitis?
Definition
abnormal hoof growth, growth plate compression, conformational defects, malnutrition
Term
What is the most common cause of pleuropneumonia in horses?
Definition
Strep
Term
How is pleuropneumonia diagnosed in horses?
Definition
auscultation (ABSENT VENTRAL, RADIATING DORSAL), US, centesis
Term
What is polysaccharide storage myopathy PSSM?
Definition
heritable in QH, Paints, Appaloosas
point mutation of GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE ENZYME-->ACCUMULATE POLYSACC IN MM-->ALTERED GLUCOSE METABOLISM
Term
What are signs of PSSM?
Definition
rhabdomyolysis, sweating, fasiculations after 20 min exercise after resting
Term
What are tx for PSSM?
Definition
regular exercise, no stalling, low glycemic index diet
Term
How do you dx PSSM?
Definition
muscle biopsy: abnormal polysaccharide, genetic test: hair
Term
What causes PHF and when/were is it found?
Definition
NEORICKETTSIA RISTICII, snail/dragon flies IH in NE along RIVER VALLEYS, JULY/AUG, "EQUINE MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS" obligate intracellular surviving in MACROPHAGES
Term
What are clinical signs of PHF?
Definition
fever, anorexia, lethargy, DIARRHEA, laminitis
Term
How is PHF dx?
Definition
paired serum titer via IFA, PCR of blood or feces
Term
How is PHF tx?
Definition
Oxytetracycline
Term
What criteria are used to call a foal premature?
Definition
<320 days gestation, laxity of flexor tendons, short and silky coat, floppy ears, soft muzzle
Term
What is proud flesh?
Definition
benighn formation of EXUBERANT GRANULATION TISSUE which inhibits epithelialization
Term
What is the treatment for proud flesh?
Definition
excision, skin grafts, irradation?
Term
What is the treatment for proud flesh?
Definition
excision, skin grafts, irradation?
Term
What is purpura hemorraghica?
Definition
Ag-AB complex (IgA + M protein) caused by: a hx of strangles, vx with strep equi bacterin, equine influenza, or chronic suppurative wounds
Term
What are signs of purpura?
Definition
ASPECTIV VASCULTIIS, petichae, pitting edema, sore/relucant to move, stridor/dyspnea, colic
Term
How is purpura dx?
Definition
hx of strangles 1-3 wks ago
SKIN BIOPSY: LEUKOCLASTIC VASCULITIS
Clin path: anemeia, increase protein, HPP, neutrophils
Term
What is the treatment of purpura?
Definition
AB depend on severity of signs: can delay maturation of abscess, do NOT give after rupture; AB IF dyspnea, long standing pyrexia, dysphagia (DOUBLE DOSE PEN, NSAIDS, LASIX, DEX)
Term
Pyelonephritis is most common in what sex/age group of horses? Why?
Definition
MARES b/c SHORT URETHRA, predisposing them to ascending UTI
Term
What are predisposing causes for pyelonephritis in the horse?
Definition
parturition, atonic bladder, ectopic ureters
Term
What does the reciprocal apparatus do for the horse?
Definition
FLEXION in the stifle and FLEXION in fetlock
Term
What are the major components of the reciprocal apparatus?
Definition
PERONEUS TERTIUS M (cranial aspect of crus) and SDF (caudal aspect)
Term
What are the major components of the reciprocal apparatus?
Definition
PERONEUS TERTIUS M (cranial aspect of crus) and SDF (caudal aspect)
Term
What is recurrent equine rhabdomyolysis RER? Signs?
Definition
"Monday morning dz"; muscle cramping in hind limbs, pain, sweating, increased HR/RR, myoglobinuria
Term
What are risk factors for RER?
Definition
racing TB, 2-3 yo filly, nervous temperment, high carb diet
Term
How do you diagnose RER?
Definition
CAFFEIENE OR HALOTHANE CONTRACTURE TEST
Term
How do you treat RER?
Definition
fluids, mm relaxants (DANTROLENE), sedation, decrease stress/CHO
Term
What are causes of ARF in horses?
Definition
Aminoglycosides, Cestrum diurnum (Vit D toxicosis), Lepto
Term
What are signs of CRF in horses?
Definition
WEIGHT LOSS!, EDEMA (PLN)
Term
How do you treat renal failure?
Definition
FLUIDS, Dopamine (increased renal perfusion), diuretics, AB
Term
What is Rhodococcus equi?
Definition
faculatative intracellular bacteria, GRAM + PLEOMORPHIC RODS IN 2-6m FOALS
Term
What is the pathway for Rhodococcus equi infection?
Definition
inhalation-->macrophages-->replication, PYOGRANULOMATOUS, bronchointerstital abscesses, extrapulmonary (gut, joint, brain)
Term
What are signs of Rhodococcus?
Definition
fever, cough, wheeze, nasal d/c
Term
What is the tx for Rhodococcus?
Definition
8-10 WK OF ERYTHROMYCIN + RIFAMPIN
Term
The horse has ___# of ribs.
Definition
18
Term
arthritis/periosteitis aroudn metcarpal/metatarsal phalangeal joint leading to EXOSTOSES
Definition
ring bone
Term
DJD of PIP joint
Definition
high ringbone
Term
DJD of DIP joint
Definition
low ringbone
Term
What are causes of ringbone?
Definition
faulty conformation, improper shoeing, exercise on hrd surfaces, trauma, infection
Term
___ is the most important cause of COLITIS in the horse.
Definition
Salmonella, GN rod
Term
What are the "four syndromes" associated with Salmonella?
Definition
asymptomatic carrier, mild infections, severe acute diarrhea with endotoxemia, bacteremia
Term
What are signs of Salmonella?
Definition
lethargy, anorexia, explosive water diarrhea, neutropenia
Term
How is Salmonella dx?
Definition
serial cultures of feces for 3-5 days
Term
non-metastatic tumor that is the most common tumor of horses
Definition
sarcoid
Term
Sarcoids are believed to be caused by?
Definition
Bovine papillomavirus
Term
What is Shaker foal syndrome?
Definition
Clostridium botulinum, 2w-6m old
Term
What is the pathogenesis of Shake foal syndrome?
Definition
botulism: no Ach at NMJ=flaccid paralysis
Term
What is side bone and what causes it?
Definition
OSSIFICATION OF P3 CARTILAGES, heavy working horses
Term
What are the sinuses of the horse?
Definition
6 pairs: Conchal (dorsal, ventral, middle), maxillary (rostral, caudal), frontal, sphenopalatine
Term
The ______ sinus communicates with the MIDDLE MEATUS VIA NASOMAXIALLARY OPENING. Molars 1,2,3.
Definition
caudal maxillary sinus
Term
What are signs of sinusitis?
Definition
UNILATERAL NASAL D/C, epiphora, quidding, halitosis
Term
What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis?
Definition
TOOTH ROOT ABSCESS M1,2,3
Term
What are causes of primary sinusitis?
Definition
empyema, due to viral or bacterial URT
Term
What are causes of secondary sinusitis?
Definition
M1 dental dz, SCC, fungal
Term
How is sinusitis dx?
Definition
endosocpe, dnetal pick, and rads
culture purulent d/c
Term
What is a slab fracture?
Definition
3rd CARPAL BONE
Term
Inflammation of intraosseus ligament between MC III with small metacarpal bones, periosteitis. aka ___.
Definition
splints
"intraosseus desmitis"
Term
What are causes of splints and tx?
Definition
repetitive concussion, poor conformation, improper shoeing
rest and NSAIDs
Term
What causes Strangles and what are teh signs?
Definition
Strep equi equi, <5yo
purulent, snot-nosed, fever, enlarged submandibular, retropharyngeal LN
Term
How is strangles diagnosed?
Definition
BACTERIAL CULTURE of nasopharynx or gutural pouch: GP cocci with large capsules
Term
How is strangles treated?
Definition
abscesses: drain, warm compress, flush, NSAID
AB (Pen): controversial...use if dyspnea, dysphagia, long standing fever, lethargy/anorexia
Term
How is strangles controlled?
Definition
target mucosal immunity: IM, IN
QUARANTINE newbies 1 m
ISOLATE affected
CLEAN fomites
ID/isolate carriers
Term
What are sequellae for strangles?
Definition
chondrosids, purpura, bastard strangles (intestinal LN enlarged)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!