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nature of science
fjdiko
23
Anatomy
7th Grade
04/28/2011

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Term
Science ISNT
Definition
 Technology
 Common sense
 Religion
 Philosophy
Term
Science IS
Definition
 Model of the Universe: unified group of theories that explain the world around us.
 Process : approach to problem solving/method of attaining knowledge about natural world.
 Combination of Both: the orderly and systematic comprehension, description and explanation of natural phenomena, with the tools necessary for that understanding including esp. logic and math.
Term
4 components of science
Definition
The Universe
Imperfect model of the universe
doing science
imperfect scientists
Term
Key elements of science
Definition
 Falsifiability
 Fundamental Laws
 Mathematical Framework
 Predictability
Term
What did thales do
Definition
established math an an integral part of science (by explaining the natural world in concrete terms without recourse to the gods or mythology).
Term
Dewitts Definition of world view
Definition
A comprehensive worldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy, fundamental existential and normative postulates or themes, values, emotion and ethics. A world wide perception. Framework of ideas and beliefs through which an individual interprets the world and interacts with it.
• Dewitt: a system of interrelated beliefs. (like a puzzle).
Term
Thomas Kuhn's definition of a paradigm shift
Definition
 Abandonment of one theoretical structure and replacement by another incompatible one.
Term
regular definition of a paradigm shift
Definition
o The total complex of a science that is the language, conceptual framework, theories methods and limits of science.
Term
How did thomas kuhn view science (process)
Definition
• Prescience normal science Crisis/revolution new normal science normal science.
Term
summary of future of science
Definition
- Expensive
- Speeding up
- Collaborative efforts by large groups
- Closely linked to technology
- Important economic and political source of influence/power
Term
Cultural influences (international co authors)
Definition
Most regions generally prefer to collaborate with Western European Countries. Western European scientists most frequently collab. With scientists from other western European countries. Within-region collaborations are relatively uncommon with the exception of Western Europe.
Term
Evidence for Great flood
Definition
ancient shorelines 400 ft. below sealevel
-evidence of waves and fossils, wind and plants along shorelines
-fossils give ages of 7500 b.p.
-evidence of change in water from fresh to seawater
Term
Science and Public policy
Definition
-first time that science has been used to consider gov actions and public policy.
-problem is when to act using science
-Science will never give “truth” there will always be uncertainty in scientific knowledge.
-governemnts and policy makrs must act on the basis of less than perfect knowledge (prob get more info from slides too detailed (last 3 I believe)
Term
Grand Unified Theories- 4 forces in Universe
Definition
Strong and weak forces, gravity, and electromagnetism
Term
electroweak theory
Definition
combines electromagnetism and weak force
Term
what do the 4 forces in GUT do?
Definition
-Each force generates a field that defines how masses react to the forces anywhere in the universe. (each has a massless particle (boson) that helps communicate the field info)
Term
what is scientists hypothesis about the 4 forces of GUT
Definition
scientists hypothesize that @ the time of the big bang, these forces were one and we only view them differently now because they appear to act on different scales.
Term
What is scientists future goal for the GUT theory and 4 forces
Definition
they want to find a way to mathmatically tie all of the forces together.
Term
Fundamental particles. How many are there
Definition
There are 24 elementary particles (fermions)
Term
____/24 of the elementary particles are.
Definition
12/24 are quarks (and their antiquarks) which make up most of the ‘normal mass in the universe (protons and neutrons are 2 of more than 100 composite articles)
Term
The universe also has 12 ____
Definition
12 massless particles (bosons- one of these is the photon)
Term
what do massles particles do
Definition
massless particles transmit info about the 4 fundamental forces in the universe
Term
Topos Logic
Definition
-this is for incompletely understood systems and is the type of logic we should use in our everyday lives.
-2 observers can see 2 diff parts of the universe and end up with very diff. assumptions based on their obsevations. As long as the assumptions are honest and acknowledge the uncertainties in understanding the Universe due to our incomplete view of it, we can still use the paradigms ANYWhere in the universe.
***THEREFORE you have to…
1. Be honest
2. Acknowledge the unknown of the universe
…in order to keep our paradigms and our assumptions.
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