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MVCC A&P 1
Cranial Nerves
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
07/19/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • Where does it exit the skull? What bone?
  • Is it sensory, motor or both? 
  • What would be the result of an injury to this nerve?
  • [image]
Definition
  • The nerve indicated is the OLFACTORY NERVE I
  • The olfactory nerve is nerve number 1
  • It exits the skull at the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
  • It is SENSORY
  • Injury would result in ANSOMIA, partial of total loss of the ability to smell. 
  • [image]
Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • Where does it exit the skull, what bone?
  • Is it sensory, motor or both? 
  • What would be the result of an injury to this nerve?
  • [image]
Definition
  • The Nerve indicated is the OPTIC NERVE
  • It is nerve number II
  • It exits the skull at the OPTIC FORAMEN/CANAL of the sphenoid bone
  • It is SENSORY
  • Injury would result in blindness to the eye serviced by that nerve. Damage to distal pathways would result in partial visual loss.

 [image]

 

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • Is it sensory, motor or both? 
  • What would be the result of an injury to this nerve?
  • [image]
Definition
  • The nerve indicated is the OCULOMOTOR NERVE
  • It is number three III
  • It exits the skull at the SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
  • It is a MOTOR nerve
  • Injury results in 
    • Inability to move the eye up or inward. 
      • (innervates medial rectus & superior rectus)
    • At rest the eye turns laterally/"lazy eye"
    • Double vision
    • Upper eyelid droops
      • innervates levator muscle for eyelid
    • Diffulty with close range focusing due to inability to constrict pupil. 
  • [image]
Term
  • What nerve is indicated? 
  • What number is it? 
  • Where does it exit the skull? 
  • Is it sensory, motor or both? 
  • What would be the result of an injury to this nerve?

 [image]

Definition
  • The nerve indicated is the TROCHLEAR NERVE
  • It is nerve number IV
  • It exits the skull at the SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE of the sphenoid
  • It is a MOTOR NERVE
  • Injury would result in:
    • DOUBLE VISON
    • Reduced ability to rotate the eye DOWN & OUT
  • Remember: Trochlear means pully, the trochlear nerve activates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which acts like a pulley, pulling the eye down and out. 

[image]

Term

What nerves exit the skull at the superior orbital fissure?

What is the overall function of nerves that exit the skull there?

[image]

Definition
  • the oculomotor nerve
  • the trochlear nerve
  • the opthamalic branch of the trigeminal nerve
  • the abducens nerve 
  • all exit the skull at the superior orbital fissure. 
  • THREE CONTROL EYE MOVEMENT (ocolular motor, trochlear, abducens)
  • ONE CONTROLS EYE SENSATION (trigeminal)
  • [image]
Term
  • What nerve is indicated? 
  • What number is it? 
  • What are its branches?
  • Is each part of it sensory, motor or both? 
  • Where does each exit the skull? 
  • What makes this an easy to identify nerve?
  • [image]
Definition
  • This is the TRIGEMINAL NERVE V
  • It is nerve number five
  • It's branches are 
    • V1 Opthamalic - Sensory
    • V2 Maxillary - Sensory
    • V3 Mandibular- Mixed
    • OVERALL - BOTH SENSORY & MOTOR
  • The OPTHAMALIC BRANCH exits the skull at the SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
  • The MAXILLARY BRANCH exits the skull at the FORAMEN ROTUNDUM  
    • (Max & Round, both indicate largeness)
  • The MANDIBULAR BRANCH exits the skull at the FORAMEN OVALE
  •  This nerve is the largest cranial nerve

[image]

Term
  • Name each nerve, nerve branch or exit point indicated.
  • Indicate whether each nerve is motor/sensory/both.
  • We did not review number 12. It is the trigeminal ganglion.
  • The nerves are, for the most part, not number in the correct order. 
  • You may wish to list them by their cranial nerve order as opposed to the order given. 

[image]

Definition

1. Olfactory Nerve NI - Sensory

8. Cribriform plate - exit point of olfactory nerve

2. Optic Nerve NII -Sensory

3. Oculomotor Nerve NIII -Motor

5. Trochlear Nerve (smallest) NIV - Motor

6. Trigeminal - NV -Both

9. Opthamalic Branch V1 - S

10.Maxillary Branch V2 - S

11.Mandibular Branch V3 - B

12. Trigeminal Ganglion

4. Abducens Nerve-NVI-Motor

13. Facial Nerve -NVII - Both

14. Vestibulocochlear Nerve NVIII -Sensory 

15. Glossopharyngeal Nerve  NIX - Both

16. Vagus Nerve NX - Both

7. Accessory Nerve NXI -Motor

17. Hypoglossal Nerve NXII - Motor 

[image]

Term
How many layers are in the dura matter that surrounds the brain?
Definition

2

The perisosteal layer is adherant to the brain case. 

The meningeal layer lies closer to the brain.

Term
What are the three dural partitions we learned about?
Definition

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

note: a falx is a short Roman sword resembling a sickle. It is a pretty good resemblance to the two dural infoldings it names.

 [image]

[image]

Term

Label the dural partitons/infoldings indicated by numbers 1-3.

[image]

Definition

1. Falx cereberi

2. Tentorium cerebelli

3. Falx cerebelli

 

[image]

Term

Which dural partition/infolding is indicated?

[image]

 

Definition

Falx cerebri

[image]

Term

Which dural partiton/infolding is indicated?

[image]

Definition
Falx cerebelli
Term

Which dural partition/infolding is indicated?

[image]

Definition
Tentorium Cerebelli
Term

What dural strurture is indicated by the question mark?

[image]

Definition

Superior Sagittal Sinus

[image]

Term

What dural structure is indicated by the question mark?

[image]

Definition

The Straight Sinus

[image]

Term

What sinuses are indicated by letters C, F and H? 

[image]

Definition

C: Transverse Sinus

F: Sigmoid Sinus

H: Straight Sinus

[image]

Term

What sinuses converge at the site referred to as the "confluence of sinuses", point E in the illustration below?

[image]

Definition
  • CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES
    • superior sagittal sinus
    • straight sinus
    • transverse sinuses
    • occipital sinus
      •  we did not speak about this sinus, but all sources that refer to the confluence of sinuses include it. 
      • [image]
Term
Is the blood in the dural sinuses oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Definition

It is deoxygenated, hence its blood color

It is enroute to the heart.

Term
Which two dural partitions contribute significantly to the dural sinus system of venous blood drainage?
Definition
Falx Cerebri & Tentorium Cerebelli
Term
At which dural sinus is cerebral spinal fluid, filtered from the blood at the choroid plexuses, returned to the blood?
Definition
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Term
What do we call the venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain?
Definition

Dural Sinuses 

[image]

Term
Where do dural sinuses ultimately drain?
Definition

Into the internal jugular vein

[image]

Term
What two things do dural sinuses carry?
Definition
They receive deoxygenated blood from internal and external veins of the brain and they receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space.
Term
Name the 5 dural sinuses we were made aware of?
Definition
  1. Superior Sagittal Sinus
  2. Inferior Sagittal Sinus
  3. Transverse Sinus
  4. Sigmoid Sinus 
  5. Straight Sinus

[image]

Term
  • What would be the result of an injury to the trigeminal nerve in each branch?
  • [image]
Definition

INJURY TO TRIGEMINAL NERVE

[image]

  • OPTHALMIC BRANCH: (sensory)
    • loss of sensation/pain in the eye, cornea, nasal cavity, skin of forehead, upper eyelid, eyebrow and nose.
  • MAXILLARY BRANCH: (sensory)
    • loss of sensation/pain of lower eyelid, upper lip, gums, cheek, nose,palate, and pharynx
    • Tic douloureux, painful inflammation of the nerve
  • MANDIBULAR BRANCH: (both)
    • loss of sensation/pain from lower gums, teeth and lip, palate and part of tongue, 
    • Tic douloureux, painful inflammation of the nerve
    • loss of motor control over muscles of mastication 
Term

Damage to which nerve results in a cross-eyed presentation?

[image]

Definition

Abducens Nerve VI

unable to abduct the eye, the eye rotates medially

Term

Injury to which nerve can cause double vision?

[image]

Definition

Oculomotor Nerve III

other sources include the Trochlear nerve in this but our text book specifies the oculomotor

 

 

Term

Injury to which nerve can lead to partial blindness?

[image]

Definition

The Optic Nerve II

 

Vision loss would not be complete unless boss nerves were injured

Term

Injury to which nerve can cause deafness?

[image]

Definition

Vestibulochoclear VIII

 

the ear has curves like the number 8

Term

Damage to which nerve can cause Bell's Palsy?

[image]

Definition

Facial Nerve VII

 

Picture a number 7 across the face

 

[image]

Term

Damage to what nerve would impair a person's ability to look at their neighbor's exam?

[image]

Definition

Trochlear Nerve IV

because one would be unable to rotate the eye down & out

 

Term

Damage to which nerve might result in a "lazy eye"

[image]

Definition
Oculomotor nerve III
Term

Damage to which nerve might result in a difficulty focusing on close objects?

[image]

Definition

Oculomotor Nerve III

This nerve is responsible for contracting the pupil and that allows focus.

Term

Damage to which nerve may result in a drooping upper eyelid?

[image]

Definition

Oculomotor Nerve III

because it innervates the levator palpebrae muscle, the upper eyelid

Term
What cranial nerves give information about blood chemistry?
Definition
Glossopherangeal IX & Vagus X
Term

Which 3 nerves allow us to taste? 

[image]

Definition
  • Facial VII (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
  • Glossopherangeal IX (posterior 1/3)
  • Vagus X (pharyngeal taste) 

 

Term

Which cranial nerve stimulates digestive organs?

[image]

Definition

Vagus Nerve X

The vagus nerve is also responsible for sensing "fullness" during or after a meal. 

Term
Which cranial nerve, when damaged, can lead to hoarseness or loss of voice?
Definition
Vagus Nerve X
Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • Is it sensory, motor or both? 
  • What would be the result of an injury to this nerve?

[image]

Definition
  • Abducens Nerve VI
  • Number 6
  • It exits the skull at the superior orbital fissure
  • It is MOTOR
  • INJURY 
    • Inability to abduct the eye
    • Cross-eyed appearance

 

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • It is sensory, motor or both?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • What would injury to this nerve result in?

[image]

Definition
  • Vestibulocochlear Nerve VIII
  • SENSORY
  • It exits the skull at the INTERNAL AUCUSTIC MEATUS
  • INJURY to the Vestibulocochlear nerve can results in:
    • Deafness or problems with hearing
    • Dizziness
    • Problems with balance and nausea. 

 

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it? 
  • It is sensory, motor or both?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • What would injury to this nerve result in?

[image]

Definition
  • This is the ACCESSORY NERVE XI (or spinal accessory)
  • It is number 11
  • MOTOR
  • It exits the skull through the JUGULAR FORAMEN
  • INJURY:
    • Head would turn towards injured side
    • Shrugging the shoulders would be difficult
      • This nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
    • It also aids the vagus nerve by innervating voluntary swallowing muscle
    • Vocal cord use might be impaired. 

 

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • It is sensory, motor or both?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • What would injury to this nerve result in?
  • [image]
Definition
  • Facial Nerve VII
  • SEVEN
  • BOTH SENSORY & MOTOR
  • Exits the skull at the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN via the internal acoustic meatus
  • INJURY:
    • Bell's Palsy
    • Facial muscle paralysis
    • inability to "make face"
    • drooping of affected side of face 
    • difficulty eating and speaking 
    • continual "weeping" on affected side
    • Inability to completely close eye
    • Problems with salvia secretion
    • Partial loss of taste sensation
Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • It is sensory, motor or both?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • What would injury to this nerve result in?
  • [image]
Definition
  • Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX
  • note: glosso- tongue; phrayngeal - phraynx or throat
  • NINE
  • BOTH SENSORY & MOTOR
  • Exits the skull at the JUGULAR FORAMEN
  • INJURY:
    • imparied swallowing
    • impairs taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue particularly bitter or sour
    • problems regulating blood oxygen and CO2 levels  
    • salivary impairment

 

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • It is sensory, motor or both?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • What would injury to this nerve result in?

[image]

Definition
  • Hypoglossal Nerve XII
  • TWELVE
  • MOTOR
  • Exits at the Hypoglossal Canal
  • INJURY
    • difficulty in speech and swallowing
    • problems with protusion of tongue
    • deviation of tongue towards affected side
    • tongue atrophy

 

Term
  • What nerve is indicated?
  • What number is it?
  • It is sensory, motor or both?
  • Where does it exit the skull?
  • What would injury to this nerve result in?
  • [image]
Definition
  • Vagus Nerve X
  • TEN
  • BOTH MOTOR & SENSORY
  • Exits at the JUGULAR FORAMEN
  • INJURY
    • hoarsness and loss of voice
    • difficulty swallowing
    • impaired digestive system
    • inability to feel external ear
    • no taste when swallowing (in pharynx)
    • visceral activity would be impaired
      • cardiac
      • pulmonary 
      • digestive
      • blood pressure & chemistry
    • death can result

 

Term

What are the branches of the FACIAL  NERVE VII

 

(these were in the book, but not on our lab work so they probably won't come up)

Definition
[image]
Term
Which 4 nerves effect the ability to swallow?
Definition

Vagus Nerve X

Glossopharyngeal IX

Hypoglossal XII

Accessory XI (by joining with Vagus)

Term

Whic nerve most affects our ability to cry?

[image]

Definition

 

Facial Nerve VII

(this is the only one mentioned in the book but other sources indicate the Trigeminal nerve as well)

 

think: when the lake of tears (in the corner of the eye) overflows, it flows down ones face. 

Term

What nerve is responsible for the following:

  • the facial sensation of pressure
  • taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • lacrimal gland, glands of the nasal cavity, salivary gland
  • the movements of facial expression

 

 

Definition
Facial Nerve VII
Term
What nerve is responsible for sensations on the face other than that of pressure?
Definition
Trigeminal Nerve V
Term
  • What cranial nerve, if injured, might effect our ability to speak by impairing our ability to use our tongue?
  • What cranial nerve, if injured, might affect our ability to speak by impairing our ability to use our vocal cords?
Definition

Hypoglossal Nerve XII

  • The hypo, means below, and glossal, tongue. 
  • This motor nerve controls the muscles of the tongue. 

 

Accessory Nerve XI

  • Innervates the vocal cords.
  • The accessory nerve gives motor control in the areas where one would wear the ACCESSORY of a scarf. 
  • Note: The FACIAL NERVE VII, which controls the muscles of the mouth, can also impair speech. 
 
Term

Damage to what nerve would result in an inability to chew?

[image]

Definition
Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve V
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