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Elite guard in strong military under Ottoman sultan;
Recruited from local Christian population in Balkans;
Converted to Islam
Trained as foot soldiers or administrators to serve sultan |
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Appointed officials by central government;
Collected taxes, maintained law and order;
Directly responsible to the sultan's court in Constantinople |
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Ottoman empire (other Muslims empires in Persia and India);
Formed by outside conquerers,
Unified regions they conquered;
Success based on mastery of the technique of firearms |
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Head of Ottoman system;
Supreme authority in both political and military sense;
Heredity, sons (not always eldest) inherited;
Many people executed over fight for throne |
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Private domain of the sultan;
"Sacred place";
Sultan and his wives resided;
Sultan often chose four wives as his favorites |
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Led meetings of the imperial council,
Sultan controlled his bureaucracy through imperial council;
Sultan sat behind screen and privately indicated desires to the grand vizier |
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Religious advisors;
Given religious duties of sultan;
Administered legal system, schools for educating Muslims,
Islamic laws and customs applied to all Muslims in the empire |
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Built Topkapi ("iron-gate") Palace in Istanbul,
15th century
Center of the sultan's power;
Had an administrative purpose;
Served as private residence of the ruler and his family |
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1514-1517, took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Arabia'
Controlled many holy Islam cities,
Jerusalem, Makkah (Mecca), Madinah (Medina);
Declared himself new caliph, defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad |
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Mid 16th century;
Greatest of all Ottoman architects;
Began building 1st of 81 mosques;
Suleimaniye Mosque in Istanbul;
Each topped by an imposing dome;
(Entire building sometimes) framed with four towers,
Minarets |
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King;
Shah Ismail;
After used his forces to seize much of Iran and Iraq in 1501;
Ottoman Empire, Persian state |
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| Conform to traditional religious beliefs |
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Lawlessness and disorder;
Turks took advantage of falling Safavid empire and seized territories along western border |
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