Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| excess of spinal fluid in a baby's head |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 5 functions of the skeletal system |
|
Definition
| protection, support, movement, mineral storage, hemapoiesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| long, short, flat, irregular |
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|
Term
| 6 different kinds of synovial joints |
|
Definition
| saddle, pivot, gliding, ball and socket, hinge, condyloid |
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|
Term
| Least movable kind of joint where bone surfaces slide over one another; ex. wrist, ankle |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| kind of joint with movement in one direction; flexion/extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kind of joint that rotates around the length of a bone; ex. cervical vertebrae (1&2) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| kind of joint with movement in 2 directions; oval shape in an elliptical socket; ex. wrist/forearm |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| kind of joint, only one pair in the body; ex. thumb |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| kind of joint with movement in many directions around a point with the widest range of motion; ex. hip/shoulder |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most vulnerable and largest joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gravity's influence on the skeletal system |
|
Definition
| cartilage disks between vertebrae are squished; thus, we are shorter at night than in the morning because of gravity's pull on these disks. |
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|
Term
(MALE/FEMALE) > 90 degree pubic arch
CHOOSE ONE |
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Definition
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|
Term
(MALE/FEMALE) < 90 degree pubic arch
CHOOSE ONE |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| arch on the inside of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arch on outside of the foot |
|
Definition
| lateral longitudinal arch |
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|
Term
| horizontal arch at ball of foot |
|
Definition
| transverse longitudinal arch |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| upper flaring part of the coxal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower back part of the coxal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower front part of the coxal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cartilaginous joint in midline between coxals |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| opening into pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles attach to these on the femur |
|
Definition
| trochanters and epicondyles |
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|
Term
| form articulations at the knee |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
joint capsule
joint cavity
cartilage covering ends of joining bones |
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|
Term
| made of body's strongest and toughest material; fits over ends of the two bones like a sleeve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| space between joints; synovial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smooth layer of gristle; absorbs joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small sacs of synovial fluid; areas of stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-weight bearing lateral bone of the leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep cup-shaped socket in the distal ends of the coxals that helps articulate the femurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| baby skeleton is formed of |
|
Definition
| cartilage and fibrous structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when cartilage in babies calcifies and turns to bone |
|
Definition
| endochondral ossification |
|
|
Term
| how does bone calcify during endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
| laying down of calcium salts in the gel-like matrix of cartilage |
|
|
Term
| consists more of intercellular substances than of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does growth of bones stop? |
|
Definition
| when the epiphyseal line is visible |
|
|
Term
| growth continues as long as the ______ __________ still exists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteoporosis is most common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| soft spots in infant skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the organs of the skeletal system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue |
|
Definition
| osteon (haversian system) |
|
|
Term
| skull consists of ____ bones that form the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| hole in center of each vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| second cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| attached to sternum by costal cartilage (directly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| attach to sternum via ribs 1-7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of ribs.... # of pairs of ribs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of bones in the appendicular skeleton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of bones in the axial skeleton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scapula and clavicle compose the _____ _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| joint between clavicle and sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
baby spine is (CONCAVE/CONVEX)
CHOOSE ONE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| long bone of the arm, second largest bone in body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ _________ attaches humerus to the scapula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| group of muscles that move the humerus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone on the lateral side of the forearm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone on the medial side of the forearm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large bony process of the ulna that fits into the distal ind of the humerus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distal "socket" of the humerus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of phalanges in each hand/foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bones that form the palm of hand |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| projection of _____ bone known as 'funny bone" |
|
Definition
| ulna (olecraneon process) |
|
|
Term
| short bones at proximal end of hand |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of phalanges in each finger, # of phalanges in each thumb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hollow tube of hard, compact bone that is rigid and strong and is light enough in weight to permit easy movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hollow area inside the shaft of long bone that contains soft yellow marrow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inactive, fatty marrow found in adult skeletons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ends of bone that contain spongy bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thin layer of cartilage covering each end of the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functions like a small rubber cushion would if it were placed over the ends of bones where they from a joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strong, fibrous membrane covering the longbone everywhere except at the joint surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outer layer of bone is ________, or ______ ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| porous bones that the epiphyses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| needle like threads of spongy bone that surround a network of spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compact bone consists of structural units called.... |
|
Definition
| osteons (haversian systems) |
|
|
Term
| how is a haversian system arranged? |
|
Definition
| osteons resemble the rings of an onion- the rings are called concentric lamella, which surround the central canal, which contains a bloodvessel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentric lamella (lamellae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are osteocytes located? |
|
Definition
| between the lamella in little spaces called lacunae |
|
|
Term
| spaces that contain osteocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are osteocytes connected to blood vessel to pass nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized, fibrous connective tissue that takes the consistency of a firm plastic, or gristle-like gel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differences between cartilage and bone |
|
Definition
cartilage is more flexible but does not have a blood vessel so healing is slow
bone is more rigid/strong and is faster to heal because it has blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| top bone of coxal (ILIUM OR ILEUM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of intestine (ILIUM OR ILEUM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synarthroses joints between cranial bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spaces or cavities within some of the cranial bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 pairs of sinuses that open into the nose |
|
Definition
paranasal sinuses
(frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid) |
|
|
Term
| how do sinus infections occur? |
|
Definition
| mucous that lines them becomes inflamed, swollen, and painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cavity inside bone above upper margins of orbits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bulging top sides of the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protuberance behind the ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tube leading into temporal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinal cord enters the cranium through this large hole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms the central part of the floor of the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| form the lower sides of the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| helps form the floor of cranium; side walls, roof of nose, and part of its middle partition, and and part of the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nasal septum made up of the |
|
Definition
| vomer, perpendicular plate |
|
|
Term
| middle partition of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms the upper part of the bridge of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower jawbone articulates with temporal at the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small bones; help form medial wall of orbit and side wall of nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| form back part of the roof of the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hollow tube of hard, compact bone that is rigid and strong and is light enough in weight to permit easy movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hollow area inside the shaft of long bone that contains soft yellow marrow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inactive, fatty marrow found in adult skeletons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ends of bone that contain spongy bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thin layer of cartilage covering each end of the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functions like a small rubber cushion would if it were placed over the ends of bones where they from a joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strong, fibrous membrane covering the longbone everywhere except at the joint surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outer layer of bone is ________, or ______ ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| porous bones that the epiphyses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| needle like threads of spongy bone that surround a network of spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compact bone consists of structural units called.... |
|
Definition
| osteons (haversian systems) |
|
|
Term
| how is a haversian system arranged? |
|
Definition
| osteons resemble the rings of an onion- the rings are called concentric lamella, which surround the central canal, which contains a bloodvessel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentric lamella (lamellae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are osteocytes located? |
|
Definition
| between the lamella in little spaces called lacunae |
|
|
Term
| spaces that contain osteocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are osteocytes connected to blood vessel to pass nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized, fibrous connective tissue that takes the consistency of a firm plastic, or gristle-like gel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differences between cartilage and bone |
|
Definition
cartilage is more flexible but does not have a blood vessel so healing is slow
bone is more rigid/strong and is faster to heal because it has blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| top bone of coxal (ILIUM OR ILEUM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of intestine (ILIUM OR ILEUM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synarthroses joints between cranial bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spaces or cavities within some of the cranial bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 pairs of sinuses that open into the nose |
|
Definition
paranasal sinuses
(frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid) |
|
|
Term
| how do sinus infections occur? |
|
Definition
| mucous that lines them becomes inflamed, swollen, and painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cavity inside bone above upper margins of orbits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bulging top sides of the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protuberance behind the ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tube leading into temporal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinal cord enters the cranium through this large hole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms the central part of the floor of the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| form the lower sides of the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| helps form the floor of cranium; side walls, roof of nose, and part of its middle partition, and and part of the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nasal septum made up of the |
|
Definition
| vomer, perpendicular plate |
|
|
Term
| middle partition of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms the upper part of the bridge of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower jawbone articulates with temporal at the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small bones; help form medial wall of orbit and side wall of nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| form back part of the roof of the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| form the curved "ledge" along the inside of the side wall of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forms the lower, back part of the nasal septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 tiny bones in the inner ear |
|
Definition
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
MAY I STAY HEAR???? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth, skeletal, cardiac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle fibers contracting |
|
|
Term
| muscle movement occurs when _____ energy is converted to _____ energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle tissue with crosswise striations that is voluntary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle tissue with branched fibers, intercalated disks, and allow heart to contract as a unit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle tissue that lacks striations, is involuntary, and found in the walls of hollow structures in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialize in shortening (contracting) muscles |
|
|
Term
| attachment to the bone that remains relatively stationary or fixed when movement at the joint occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| point of attachment to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strong cords of fibrous, connective tissue that attach muscles to bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small synovial lined sacs containing a small amount of synovial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
thick myofilaments have (ACTIN/MYOSIN)
CHOOSE ONE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
thin myofilaments have (ACTIN/MYOSIN)
choose one |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement, posture, heat production |
|
|
Term
| as a muscle contracts, it moves the _____ bone towards the ______ bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement occurs at the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mainly responsible for producing a given movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| helps to produce a given movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opposes the action of a given movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a continuous, low - strength muscle contraction that enables posture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| survival depends on the body's ability to maintain a constant _____ ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elevated body temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction of _____ ______ produces heat required to maintain normal body temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caused by repeated stimulation without rest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| repeated contraction depletes ____ and outstrips the ability of the blood supply to replenish oxygen and nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction in the absense of oxygen produces _____ which contributes to muscle soreness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term used to describe the metabolic effort required to burn excess lactic acid that may accumulate during prolonged periods of exercise; the body is attempting to return the cells energy and oxygen reserves to pre-exercise levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most muscles cause movements by _____ on bones across movable ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| systems that play roles in normal movements |
|
Definition
| respiratory, circulatory, nervous, muscular, and skeletal |
|
|
Term
| stimulation of a muscle by a ____ ______ is required before a muscle can shorten and produce movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve cell that transmits an impulse to a muscle, causing contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| point of contact between a nerve ending and a muscle fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| combination of a motor neuron with the muscle fiber it controls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once stimulated, a fiber will contract completely, a response called "____ __ _____" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab phenomena; single contraction of a muscle fiber caused by a single threshold stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sustained; stimuli hits muscle in rapid succession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement at joint because muscle changes length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lengthens under tension; insertion away from the origin |
|
Definition
| eccentric isotonic contraction |
|
|
Term
| shortens insertion end; moves toward origin |
|
Definition
| concentric isotonic contraction |
|
|
Term
| most body movements are ________ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do not produce movement; muscle as a whole does not shorten; tension increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle tone, posture, reduces fatigue, and results in more efficient heart and lung function |
|
|
Term
| prolonged inactivty causes shrinkage of muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regular exercise increases muscle size aka _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ training is exercise involving contraction of muscles against heavy resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ training increases # of myofilaments; muscle mass increases; # of fibers DOES NOT increase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exercise that increases a muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| also called aerobic training |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| training that allows more efficient flow of oxygen/nutrients and usually does not have muscle hypertrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
orbicularis oculi (below eye)
orbicularis oris (above eye)
zygomaticus (cheeks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chewing muscle muscle between maxilla and mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevates shoulders/ extends the head (scapula/neck) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexes upper arm (breast/chest) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends upper arm (back of ribs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexes forearm (front of humerus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends forearm (back of humerus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above butt/below lower back/ hip?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle between thorax and abdominal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexes thigh (upper front thigh) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
semimembraosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rectus femoris (mid fron thigh)
vastus muscles (medial lower anterior thigh) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small hole for vessel in mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ marrow in children _____ marrow in adults (in medullary cavity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skull is light weight because of the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Picking up a piece of paper verses picking up a podium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in calcium causes ________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ ______ leads to muscle cramps |
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Definition
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Term
| largest muscle to give injection, upper outer quadrant of butt; ARENT used in children until walking because they arent developed |
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Definition
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Term
| middle third of the anterior middle of the thigh; used in children |
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Definition
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Term
| upper butt towards the front (kind of hip area) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 3 fingers below shoulder; no more than 1mL of fluids |
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Definition
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|
Term
| lateral anterior thigh; used in children |
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Definition
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|
Term
| muscles used for IM injections |
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Definition
gleuteus medius
rectus femoris
deltoid
vastas laterals
ventral gleuteal |
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