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Musculoskeletal anatomy
anatomy of musculoskeletal block
179
Anatomy
Graduate
04/22/2013

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Term
structure that connects fibula and tibia
Definition
interosseous membrane
Term
fascia that covers leg
Definition
crural fascia
Term
how many intermuscular septa are in the leg? what are their names?
Definition
2 septa: anterior and posterior
Term
line on the posterior surface of the tibia that marks the lower insertion of the politeus
Definition
soleal line
Term
nerve that supplies most of the cutaneous innervation to anterior surface of ankle and dorsum of foot
Definition
superficial fibular nerve
Term
2 transverse thickenings of the crural fascia on the anterior surface of the ankle that hold tendons in place
Definition
superior and inferior extensor retinacula
Term
thickening of crural fascia superior to ankle joint
Definition
superior extensor retinacula
Term
thickening of crural fascia inferior to ankle joint
Definition
inferior extensor retinacula
Term
the stem of the inferior extensor retinacula attaches where?
Definition
calcaneus
Term
two visible muscles of the anterior leg; which is where?
Definition
tibialis anterior m. is medial, extensor digitorum longus m.
Term

muscle found between extensor digitorum longus muscle and tibialis anterior muscle

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition
extensor hallucis brevis
Term
artery, vein, and nerve located btw tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
Definition
anterior tibia artery and vein, deep fibular nerve
Term
distal attachment of tibialis anterior
Definition
first cuneiform bone
Term
actions of tibialis anterior muscle
Definition
flexes and inverts foot
Term
distal attachment of extensor hallucis longus m.
Definition
base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Term
action of extensor hallucis longus m
Definition
extends the great toe and dorsiflexes the foot
Term
attachment of the tendons of extensor digitorum longus muscle
Definition
middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Term
action of extensor digitorum longus m
Definition
extends toes and dorsiflexes the foot
Term
the part of the tendon of extensor digitorum longus m that inserts is called
Definition
extensor expansion
Term
extensor digitorum longus muscle is fused with the belly of what other muscle?
Definition
fibularis tertius muscle
Term
fibularis tertius insertion
Definition
shaft of 5th metatarsal
Term
action of fibularis tertius muscle
Definition
dorsiflexes foot, eversion
Term
motor nerve of the muscles of anterior compartment of leg and dorsum of foot
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
deep fibular n is a branch of
Definition
common fibular n
Term
as the anterior tibial artery passes through the ankle, it becomes what?
Definition
dorsalis pedis a
Term
origin of extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis
Definition
calcaneus (lateral)
Term
insertion of extensor digitrorum brevis
Definition
dorsal surface of the base of the lateral 4 proximal phalanges (extensor expasion)
Term
insertion of extensor hallucis brevis
Definition
dorsal surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of hallux
Term
ennervation of extensor digitorum brevis
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
ennervation of extensor hallucis brevis
Definition
deep fibular nerve
Term
in the ankle, the dorsalis pedis artery passes deep to and then lies lateral to what tendon?
Definition
extensor hallucis longus
Term
the dorsalis pedis artery can be palpated between what tendons?
Definition
extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
Term
branch of the dorsalis pedis that crosses the proximal ends of metatarsal bones
Definition
arcuate a
Term
the lateral 3 dorsal metatarsal arteries are branches of what artery?
Definition
arcuate
Term
artery that arises from the dorsalis pedis artery near the ankle joint and passes deep to the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscles.
Definition
lateral tarsal artery
Term
lateral tarsal artery anastomoses with what artery?
Definition
arcuate
Term
artery that arises from the dorsalis pedis artery near the origin of the arcuate artery.
Definition
deep plantar artery
Term
artery that passes between the first and second metatarsal bones to enter the sole of the foot
Definition
deep plantar artery
Term
deep plantar artery anastomoses with what artery?
Definition
plantar arch
Term
two dorsal digital branches in the great toe arise from what nerve?
Definition
Term
where is the only skin innervated by deep fibular nerve?
Definition
between great toe and second toe
Term
most common nerve injured in the body; why?
Definition
common fibular nerve; because of it's superficial position and relationship to the head and neck of the fibula
Term
what is the result of an injury to the common fibular nerve?
Definition
impairment of foot eversion, dorsiflexion, and extension of toes ("foot drop"); also sensory loss on dorsum of foot and toes
Term
two muscels in lateral compartment of leg
Definition
fibular brevis and longus m
Term
nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg
Definition
superficial fibular nerve
Term
insertion of fibularis brevis
Definition
tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone
Term
insertion of fibularis longus m
Definition
plantar surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones
Term
innervation for fibular longus m
Definition
superficial fibular, L5, S1, S2
Term
what spinal nerves are responsible for flexion of the thigh?
Definition
L2, 3
Term
what spinal nerves are responsible for extension of the thigh?
Definition
L5, S1
Term
what spinal nerves are responsible for extension of the leg?
Definition
L3,4
Term
spinal nerves responsible for flexion of the leg
Definition
L5, S1
Term
spinal nerves that dorsiflex the foot
Definition
L4,5
Term
spinal nerves that plantarflex the foot
Definition
S1,2
Term
spinal nerves that invert the foot
Definition
L4,5
Term
spinal nerves that evert the foot
Definition
L5,S1
Term
cutaneous innervation to posterior thigh
Definition
posterior femoral nerve
Term
common fibular nerve arises from what nerve?
Definition
sciatic nerve
Term
medial crural cutaneous nerve is a branch from which nerve?
Definition
saphenous nerve
Term
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve arises from what spinal nerves?
Definition
L2,3
Term
femoral nerve arise from what spinal nerves?
Definition
L2,3,4
Term
obturator nerve arises from which spinal levels?
Definition
L2,3,4
Term
deep fibular nerve arises from what nerve?
Definition
common fibular
Term
medial dorsal cutaneous nerve arises from what nerve?
Definition
superficial fibular nerve
Term
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve arises from what nerve?
Definition
superficial fibular nerve
Term
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve arises from what nerve?
Definition
sural nerve
Term
only section of dorsum of the foot not enervated by superficial fibular
Definition
skin btw great toe and second toe
Term
part of the femur that the patella sits on
Definition
patellar surface of the femur
Term
insertion of adductor magnus
Definition
adductor tubercle
Term
"heal bone"
Definition
calcaneus tuberosity
Term
projection with groove that sits on the proximal face of the tibia
Definition
intercondylar eminance
Term
bone that sits atop the calcaneus bone
Definition
talus bone
Term
of the two tarsal bones immediately distal to calcaneus, which one is medial, which one is lateral?
Definition
cuboid is lateral, navicular is dorsal
Term
part of the calcaneus that the talus sits on
Definition
sustentaculum tali
Term
3 bones distal to navicular bone
Definition
cuneiform bones (1,2,3 or medial middle and lateral)
Term
sesmoid bones are located inferior to which bone?
Definition
head of first metatarsal
Term
superficial vein that exits from popliteal fossa and passes posterior to lateral malleolus.
Definition
short saphenous vein
Term
nerve that pierces the deep fascia halfway down the posterior surface of the leg and courses parallel to small saphenous vessel
Definition
sural nerve
Term
sural nerve innervates what?
Definition
lateral aspect of ankle and foot
Term
nerve that innervates superficial skin of buttocks
Definition
cluneal nerve
Term
what nerves does the cluneal nerve arise from?
Definition
dorsal rami of L1-S3
Term
nerve that lies deep to the deep fascia of the thigh, whose branches pierce the deep fascia to supply the skin from the posterior surface of the thigh down to the popliteal fossa
Definition
posterior cutaneous n of the thigh
Term
blood vessel that great saphenous vein drains into
Definition
dorsal veinous arch of the foot
Term
which side of the ankle does great saphenous vein pass on?  what is its relation to that malleolus?
Definition
medial; passes anterior to the medial malleolus
Term
where does the great saphrenous vein pass through the knee?
Definition
1 hands breadth posterior to the medial margin of the kneecap, over the posterior border of the medial epicondyle of the femur
Term
vein that drains the superficial fascia and skin of the medial side of the thigh
Definition
accessory saphenous v
Term
three small superficial veins that join the great saphenous vein near its proximal end.
Definition
superficial external pudendal, superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac
Term
nerve that originates in the lumbar plexus and passes deep to the lateral end of the inguinal ligament and innervates the skin of the lateral thigh.
Definition
lateral femoral nerve
Term
the cutaneous branches of what nerve innervate the medial skin of the thigh?
Definition
obturator
Term
a branch of the femoral nerve that pierces the deep fascia on the medial aspect of the knee and accompanies the great saphenous vein into the leg.
Definition
saphenous nerve
Term
nerve that innervates the skin on the anterior and medial aspects of the leg and the medial side of the ankle and foot.
Definition
saphenous nerve
Term
lymph nodes along the inguinal ligament
Definition
horizontal group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Term
group of lymph nodes just inferior to saphenous opening
Definition
vertical group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Term
lateral portion of the fascia lata that is particularly strong
Definition
iliotibial (IT) band
Term
varicose veins in the leg are caused by incompitant valves in what vein?
Definition
great saphenous v
Term
vein used for grafts for coronary bipass surgery
Definition
great saphenous v
Term
depression in head of femur
Definition
fovea for ligament of head of the femur
Term
insertion of iliopsoas muscle
Definition
lesser trochanter of the femur
Term
action of iliopsoas m
Definition
flexion of thigh
Term
proximal attachment of the fibrous capsule of the head of the femur
Definition
acetabular brim, labrum, transverse acetabular ligament.
Term
distal attachment of the fibrous capsule of the head of the femur
Definition
intertrochanteric line of the femur
Term
broad, strong band attached proximally to the anterior inferior iliac spine and distally to the intertrochanteric line of the femur
Definition
iliofemoral ligament
Term
proximal attachment of iliofemoral ligament
Definition
AIIS
Term
distal attachment of iliofemoral ligament
Definition
intertrochanteric line
Term
action of iliofemoral ligament
Definition
becomes taut in extension and lax in flexion; prevents overextension of hip joint
Term
action of gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
abduct and medially rotate thigh
Term
insertion of gluteus medius
Definition
greater trochanter of the femur
Term
insertion of gluteus minimus
Definition
greater trochanter of the femur
Term
origin of glut max m
Definition
Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
Term
insertion of gluteus max m.
Definition
Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface
Term
action of gluteus maximus
Definition
Major extensor of hip joint, assists in laterally rotating the thigh; upper and middle third section of the muscle are abductors
Term
innervation of gluteus maximus m
Definition
inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2)
Term
arterial supply for gluteus maximus m
Definition
Inferior and superior gluteal arteries and the first perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery
Term
origin of gluteus medius muscle
Definition
Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest
Term
action of gluteus medius m.
Definition
Major abductor of thigh; anterior fibers help to rotate hip medially; posterior fibers help to rotate hip laterally
Term
innervation of gluteus medius m.
Definition
superior gluteal n (L4,5, S1)
Term
arterial supply to gluteus medius m
Definition
superior gluteal artery
Term
gluteus minimus m. origin
Definition
Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch
Term
action of gluteus medius muscle
Definition
Major abductor of thigh; anterior fibers help to rotate hip medially; posterior fibers help to rotate hip laterally
Term
insertion of gluteus minimus m
Definition
Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Term
action of the gluteus
Definition
Term
action of gluteus minimus m
Definition
abducts and medially rotates hip joint
Term
innervation of gluteus minimus m
Definition
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Term
arterial supply to gluteus minimus m.
Definition
superior gluteal artery
Term
piriformis origin
Definition
Anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of the greater sciatic notch
Term
piriformis insertion
Definition
Superior border of greater trochanter
Term
action of piriformis
Definition
Lateral rotator of the hip joint; also helps abduct the hip if it is flexed
Term
innervation of piriformis
Definition
piriformis nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Term
blood supply for piriformis
Definition
Superior and inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries
Term
superior gemellus origin
Definition
ischial spine
Term
insertion superior gemellus
Definition
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with obturator internus
Term
action of superior gemellus
Definition
Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the flexed thigh
Term
innervation of superior gemellus
Definition
Nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)
Term
arteriol supply to superior gemellus
Definition
Inferior gluteal artery
Term
origin obturator internus m
Definition
Internal surface of obturator membrane and posterior bony margins of obturator foramen
Term
insertion obturator internus m.
Definition
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur, in common with superior and inferior gemelli
Term
action of obturator internus m
Definition
Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the thigh when it is flexed
Term
obturator internus innervation
Definition
Nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)
Term

arteriol supply to obturator internus m

Definition
Internal pudendal and superior and inferior gluteal arteries
Term
origin inferior gemellus m
Definition
Posterior portions of ischial tuberosity and lateral obturator ring
Term
quadratus femoris origin
Definition
Lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity
Term
quadratus femoris insertions
Definition
Quadrate tubercle and adjacent bone of intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur
Term
innervation of quadratus femoris
Definition
Quadratus femoris branch of nerve to the quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5, S1) (L5, S1)
Term
action of quadratus femoris m
Definition
Rotates the hip laterally; also helps adduct the hip
Term
arteriol supply to quadrate femoris m
Definition
Medial circumflex femoral artery, inferior gluteal artery, 1st - 4th perforating arteries, obturator artery, and some superior muscular branches of popliteal artery
Term
obturator externus origin
Definition
External surface of obturator membrane and anterior bony margins of obturator foramen
Term
obturator externus insertion
Definition
Posteromedial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Term
obturator externus action
Definition
Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps adduct thigh
Term
obturator externus innervation
Definition
Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve (L3, L4)
Term
obturator externus arteriol supply
Definition
Obturator and medial circumflex femoral arteries
Term
ligament deep to ishiofemoral ligament
Definition
pubofemoral ligament
Term
proximal attachment of pubofemoral ligament
Definition
obturator crest and superior pubic ramus
Term
distal attachment of pubofemoral ligament
Definition
blends with the capsule and with the deep surface of the vertical band of the iliofemoral ligament.
Term
dense tissue covering on head of the femur
Definition
articular cartilage of the head of the femur
Term
ligament that attaches in the fovea of the head of the femur
Definition
ligament of the head of the femur
Term
curved, crescent shaped surface of the acetabulum
Definition
lunate surface
Term
CT lining the inside of acetabulum that keeps head of femur in socket
Definition
acetabular labrum
Term
rectus femoris m origin
Definition
Straight head from anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head from groove just above acetabulum
Term
insertion of rectus femoris m
Definition
Base of patella to form the more central portion of the quadriceps femoris tendon
Term
action of rectus femoris
Definition
Extends the knee
Term
innervation of rectus femoris
Definition
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Term
arterial supply for rectus femoris
Definition
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Term
vastus intermedius origin
Definition
Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
Term
vastus intermedius insertion
Definition
Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon
Term
action of vastus intermedius m
Definition
Extends the knee
Term
innervation of vastus intermedius m
Definition
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Term
arterial supply for vastus intermedius m
Definition
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Term
vastus lateralis origin
Definition
Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur
Term
vastus lateralis insertion
Definition
Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon
Term
action of vastus lateralis m
Definition
Extends the knee
Term
innervation of vastus lateralis
Definition
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Term
vastus lateralis arterial supply
Definition
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Term
vastus medialis origin
Definition
Inferior portion of intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial lip of linea aspera, superior part of medial supracondylar ridge of femur, and medial intermuscular septum
Term
vastus medialis insertion
Definition
Medial base and border of patella; also forms the medial patellar retinaculum and medial side of quadriceps femoris tendon
Term
vastus medialis action
Definition
extend knee
Term
innervation vastus medialis
Definition
Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Term
arterial supply for vastus medialis
Definition
Femoral artery, profunda femoris artery, and superior medial genicular branch of popliteal artery
Term
ligament attaching patella to anterior tibial tuberosity
Definition
patellar ligament
Term
sack of fluid cushioning superior to the patella
Definition
superpatellar bursa
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