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Musculo-Skeletal Anatomy
Structure & function.
43
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2010

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Term
orgin
Definition

bony attachment of muscle that remains fixed when the muscle contracts 

(PROXIMAL TO INSERTINE)

Term
INSERTION 
Definition
moves towards origin upon contraction 
Term
FLEXION 
Definition
Bending
Term
EXTENSION 
Definition
Straight 
Term
ABDUCTION
Definition
sideways movement away from body 
Term
ADDUCTION 
Definition
MOVEMENT TOWARDS BODY 
Term
MEDIAL ROTATION 
Definition
Turning arm/ thigh inwards 
Term
LATERAL ROTATION
Definition
Turining arm/ thigh outwards 
Term
AXIAL SKELETON 
Definition

1. skull/ mandible 

2. Vertebral column 

   i.7 cervical vertebral 

   ii. 12 Thoracic vertebral 

   iii. 5 Lumbar vertebral 

   iv. 5 fused sacral vertebral 

    v. 1 or 2 coccygeal vertebral

3. Thoracic cage

   i. 12 pairs of ribs 

   ii. sternum 

Term
CIRCUMDUCTION
Definition
circular movement limb// eye 
Term
PRONATION 
Definition
Palm down 
Term
SUPINATION 
Definition
Palm up 
Term
INVERSION 
Definition
turning soles of feet inward 
Term
EVERSION
Definition
turning soles of feet outward 
Term
The axial skeleton is made up of _________, ________, __________ and ____________.
Definition

skull; mandible; vertebral column; thoracic cage 

Term
The appendicular skeleton is made up of ____________ and ______________
Definition

the upper limb; the lower limb

Term
There are ___ cervical vertibrae.
Definition

7

Term
There are ____ thoracic vertibrae.
Definition
12
Term
There are ___ lumbar vertibrae.
Definition
5
Term
There are ___ fused sacral vertibrae.
Definition
5
Term
There are ___ coccygeal vertibrae.
Definition
1 or 2
Term
There are ___ pairs of ribs.
Definition
12
Term
The thoracic cage is made up of the _______ and the _______.
Definition
ribs; sternum
Term
The skeleton of the upper limb is made up of the ________ (scapula and clavicle), the ___________, the _________ and __________ and the ____________ and ___________.
Definition
girdle; humerus; radius; ulna; wrist; hand
Term
The skeleton of the lower limb is made up of the ________ (hip bone); the ___________, the _________ and ______________ and the ____________.
Definition
girdle; femur; fibula; tibia; foot
Term
The three types of joints.
Definition

  1. Fibrous (syndesmoses)
  2. Cartilagenous (synchondroses)
  3. Synovial

Term
Fibrous joints have (LITTLE/A LOT) (of) permissible movement.
Definition
little
Term
Bones of fibrous joints are joined by ______________ tissue.
Definition
fibrous connective
Term
Interosseous membranes joining bones of the forearm and leg are described by this kind of joint.
Definition
Fibrous Joint.
Term
The two types of cartilagenous joints.
Definition
Hyaline (primary) & Fibrocartilage (secondary)
Term
The joint between the first ribs and the sternum form this kind of joint.  (HINT: Cartilagenous)
Definition
Hyaline (primary)
Term
Hyaline joints are joined by a bar of _______ cartilage.
Definition
hyaline
Term
Intervertebral discs of the vertebral column are described by this kind of joint. (HINT: Cartilagenous)
Definition
Fibrocartilage (secondary)
Term
The largest category of joints.
Definition
Synovial.
Term
The six common features of synovial joints.
Definition

  1. Articular surface of bones (the surface of the bone that comes into contact with the other bone has a smooth surface)
  2. Articular cartilage (a layer of articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) provides friction free movement on the articular surface).
  3. Synovial membrane (the joint is encapsulated by a synovial membrane creating a joint space; the synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint)
  4. Fibrous capsule (provides stability to the joint; covers and is attached to the synovial capsule; made of dense regular connective tissue; sometimes forms ligaments)
  5. Ligaments (movement restriction adding structural stability; made of dense regular connective tissue)
  6. Discs (fibrocartilage discs exist in joint space; shock absorbers; align bony surfaces; allow for complex movements)

Term
The number of axes of synovial joints.
Definition
One, two, many (uni-axial; bi-axial, multi-axial)
Term
The _____ joint and _____ joint make up the uni-axial synovial joints.
Definition
hinge; pivot
Term
The elbow, knee and interphalangeal joints of the fingers are examples of which kind of synovial joint?  (HINT: Uni-axial)
Definition
Hinge joint
Term
The proximo-radial ulnar joint and atlanto-axial joint in the neck are examples of which kind of synovial joint? (HINT: Uni-axial)
Definition
Pivot
Term
The knuckles and wrist are examples of this kind of synovial joint.
Definition
Bi-axial (move in two planes)
Term
The base of the thumb is an example of which kind of synovial joint (HINT: Multi-axial joint)
Definition
Saddle joint.
Term
The hip and shoulder joints are examples of which kind of synovial joint? (HINT: Multi-axial joint)
Definition
Ball & socket joint.
Term
Joints between adjacent vertebral arches and facet joints are examples of which kind of synovial joint?  (HINT: Multi-axial joint)
Definition
Plant joints.
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