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muscular
test 2
118
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/14/2010

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Term
Myofilament
Definition
compose myofibrils; actic and myosin; gives banding pattern
Term
Actin Filament
Definition
thin, anchored to z lines of sacromeres
Term
Myosin Filament
Definition
thick; in middle of sacromere
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
smallest contractile units of muscle; from z line to z line
Term
Myofibril
Definition
cell organelles; bundle of myofilaments; can see I bands, A bands, Z discs, H zone, and M lines
Term
Myofibril
Definition
cell organelles; bundle of myofilaments; can see I bands, A bands, Z discs, H zone, and M lines
Term
Sacrolemma
Definition
plasma membrane surrounding myofibrils
Term
Endomysium
Definition
connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell (fiber)
Term
Fascicle
Definition
bundle of muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue
Term
Muscle Fiber
Definition
muscle cell
Term
Perimysium
Definition
coarser, fibrous connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)
Term
Muscle
Definition
many fascicels bound together by epimysium
Term
Epimysium
Definition
sheath of fibrous connective tissue around muscle
Term
Order from small to large of coverings
Definition
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium
Term
I Bands
Definition
actin only; includes z disc in the middle; actin from 2 sarcomers
Term
A Bands
Definition
full length of myosin; includes overlap of actin on both ends of myosin
Term
Z Disc/Line
Definition
Actin anchored to these; midline interruption of I bands; boundary of sarcomeres
Term
H Zone
Definition
aka 'bare zone'; myosin only; disappears during contraction
Term
M Line
Definition
center of H zone; only myosin; tiny protein rods hold adjacent myofilaments togerher
Term
Masseter
Definition
closes jaw by elevating mandible
Term
Mentalis
Definition
raises and protrudes lower lip
Term
Orbicularis Oris
Definition
closes lips, protrudes lips, shapes lips during speech
Term
Orbicularis Oculi
Definition
closes eyes, squinting, blinking
Term
Frontalis
Definition
raises eyebrows and skin of forehead
Term
Occipitalis
Definition
pulls scalp posteriorly, connects to frontalis
Term
Platysma
Definition
pulls corners of mouth down
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
SCM; rotates head toward opposite side, neck flexion when both SCM activated
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
adduction of shoulder, horizontal adduction of shoulder, and internal rotation of shoulder
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
moves scapula anteriorly, elevates ribs during breathing
Term
Intercostals
Definition
depresses the ribs during exhalation and elevates the ribs during inhalation
Term
Rectus Abdominis
Definition
flexes trunk
Term
External Obliques
Definition
rotates trunk, flexes trunk
Term
Deltoid
Definition
abducts the shoulder, also flexes, extends, internally rotates and externally rotates the shoulder
Term
Biceps Brachii
Definition
* flexes the elbow, supinates forearm, flexes shoulder
Term
Brachialis
Definition
* flexes elbow
Term
Triceps Brachii
Definition
* extends elbow, extends shoulder
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
internally rotates shoulder
Term
Suprspinatus
Definition
abducts shoulder
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
externally rotates shoulder
Term
Teres Minor
Definition
externally rotates shoulder, extends shoulder
Term
Teres Major
Definition
internally rotates shoulder, extends shoulder
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
elevates scapula
Term
Rhomboid Minor
Definition
adducts/ retracts scapula
Term
Rhomboid Major
Definition
adducts/ retracts scapula
Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition
rotates scapula, protracts scapula
Term
Brachioradialis
Definition
flexes elbow
Term
Pronator Teres
Definition
pronates forearm
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition
flexes wrist, adducts wrist
Term
Flexor Digitorum
Definition
* flexes wrist, flexes fingers
Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Definition
flexes wrist, abducts wrist
Term
Supinator
Definition
supinates forearm
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition
extends wrist, adducts wrist
Term
Extensor Digitorum
Definition
* extends wrist and extends fingers
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Definition
extends wrist, abducts wrist
Term
Trapezius
Definition
extends neck, elevates, depresses, rotates, adducts, and stabilizes scapula
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
extends humerus, adducts humerus (swimming)
Term
Erector Spinae
Definition
extends trunk
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
extends hip
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
abducts hip, stabilizes pelvis during gait
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae
Definition
TJL; abducts hip, flexes hip
Term
Psoas Major
Definition
flexes hip
Term
Iliacus
Definition
flexes hip
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
* flexes hip, extends knee
Term
Vastus Lateralis
Definition
extends knee
Term
Vastus Intermedialis
Definition
extends knee
Term
Vastus Medius
Definition
extends knee
Term
Adductor Group
Definition
adducts hip
Term
Gracilis
Definition
* adducts hip, flexes knee
Term
Sartorius
Definition
* flexes hip, flexes knee, externally rotates hip
Term
Biceps Femoris
Definition
* extends hip, flexes knee
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
* extends hip, flexes knee
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
* extends hip, flexes knee
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
* plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee
Term
Soleus
Definition
plantarflexes ankle
Term
Tibialis Posterior
Definition
inverts ankle
Term
Peroneus Longus
Definition
* everts ankle, plantarflexes ankle
Term
Peroneus Brevis
Definition
everts ankle, plantarflexes ankle
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
dorsiflexes ankle, inverts ankle
Term
Acetycholine
Definition
ACH; specific neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle; travels across synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on muscle sarcolemma
Term
Muscle Tone
Definition
state of continuous partial muscle contraction stimulated by nervous system
Term
Origin
Definition
place of attachment of muscle to more stationary bone; immovable or less movable
Term
Insertion
Definition
place of attachment of a muscle to bone that it moves
Term
4 Properties of Muscle Tissue
Definition
excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
Term
5 Skeletal Muscle Functions
Definition
produce movement, posture, stabilize joints, generate heat, assist cardiovascular system with blood circulation
Term
Flexion
Definition
sagittal plane movement; angle between bones is decreased
Term
Extension
Definition
sagittal plane movement; angle between bone is increased
Term
Abduction
Definition
coronal plane movement; body part moves away from midline
Term
Adduction
Definition
coronal plane movement; body part moves toward midline
Term
Rotation
Definition
movement of limb around longitudinal axis; left and right (spine); external and internal (hip and shoulder)
Term
Circumduction
Definition
combination of flexion/extension and abduction; usually at should and hip and thumb; proximal end of bone is stationary while distal end moves in circle
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
upward movement of ankle
Term
Planarflexion
Definition
downward movement of ankle
Term
Inversion
Definition
sole of foot turns to medial
Term
Eversion
Definition
sole of foot turns to lateral
Term
Supination
Definition
forearm rotates laterally (palm upward)
Term
Pronation
Definition
forearm rotates medially (palm downward)
Term
Opposition
Definition
thumb in contact with fingers on same hand
Term
Protraction
Definition
forward movement in sagital plane (extends length)
Term
Retraction
Definition
backward/posterior movement in sagital plane (shortens length)
Term
Naming Muscles Based On Direction of Muscle Fibers
Definition
Rectus=straight/parallel; Oblique=at an angle
Term
Naming Muscles Based On Muscle Location
Definition
Ulnaris= near ulna; Temporalis= near temporal bone; Tibialis=near tibia
Term
Naming Muscles Based On Number of Origins
Definition
Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps, etc
Term
Naming Muscles Based On Size of Muscle
Definition
maximus, medius, minimus; major, minor; longus, brevis
Term
Naming Muscles Based On Action of Muscle
Definition
flexor, extensor, adductor, etc
Term
Naming Muscles Based On Shape of Muscle
Definition
deltoid
Term
Circular Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
Definition
concentric rings; sphincters
Term
Convergent Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
Definition
muscle of fascicles converge toward single tendon for insertion; Pectoralis major
Term
Parallel Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
Definition
fascicles run parallel to length of muscle; Sartorius
Term
Fusiform Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
Definition
parallel arrangement with thick middle that fuses on end; biceps brachii
Term
Pennate Arrangement of Muscle Fibers
Definition
feather like; fans off central tendon; uni=extensordigitorum longus; bi=rectus femoris; multi=deltoid
Term
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Definition
Internal Shoulder Rotation (Subscapularis); External Shoulder Rotation (Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor)
Term
Hamstrings
Definition
Knee Flexion and/or Hip Extension (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
Term
Quadriceps
Definition
knee extension (vastus medius, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, rectus fermoris); Hip Flexion (rectus femoris)
Term
Plantarflexors
Definition
plantar flexion (soleus, gastrocnemius); knee flexion (gastrocnemius); all connect to form attachment to calcaneus (achilles tendon)
Term
Strain
Definition
stretching or tearing of a muscle
Term
Sprain
Definition
stretching or tearing of a tendon or ligament
Term
Myastenia Gravis
Definition
neuromuscular junction disease; ACH receptors blocked; auto immune disease; muscle fatigue, slurred speech, swallowing problems, drooping eyelids, shortness of breath
Term
Muscular Dystrophy
Definition
congenital disease; muscle fibers enlarge, degenerate, and atrophy; Duchennes MD is most common (only in males)
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