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Muscular Tissue
Virginia Tech Anatomy and Physiology
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/08/2012

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Term
Muscle Cell
Definition
A cell which converts the chemical energy of ATP into the mechanical energy of movement
Term
Muscle Cell: Responsiveness
Definition
Muscle Cell characteristic: When stimulated by chemical signals, stretch, and other stimuli, muscle cells respond with electrical changes across the plasma membrane
Term
Muscle Cell: Conductivity
Definition
Muscle cell characteristic in which the local electrical change triggrers a wave of excitation that travels rapidly along the cell and initiates processes leading to contraction
Term
Muscle Cell: Contractility
Definition
Muscle cell characteristic which allows them the ability to shorten substantially when stimulated and enables them to pull on bones and other organs to create movement
Term
Muscle Cell: Extensibility
Definition
Muscle cell characteristic which allows a muscle to stretch (extend) between contractions and allows a muscle cell to stretch three times its length
Term
Muscle Cell: Elasticity
Definition
Muscle cell characteristic that allows it to be stretched and recoil to a shorter length
Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition
Voluntary striated muscle that is usually attached to one or more bones
Term
Striations
Definition
Alternating light and dark transverse bands on skeletal muscles that result from an overlapping arrangement of their internal contractile proteins
Term
Voluntary Muscle
Definition
Muscle that is subject to conscious control
Term
Involuntary Muscle
Definition
Muscle that is not under conscious control which are never attached to bones
Term
Muscle Fibers (Myofibers)
Definition
Skeletal muscle cells which are considered fibers because of their extraordinary length
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Term
Sarcoplasm
Definition
The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
Long protein cords about 1 um in diameter located in the Sarcoplasm
Term
Glycogen
Definition
A starch-like carbohydrate that provides energy for the cell during heightened levels of exercise
Term
Myoglobin
Definition
Red pigment which stores oxygen until needed for muscular activity
Term
Myoblasts
Definition
Stem cells which fuse to produce muscle fibers - each myoblast contributes one nucleus
Term
Satellite cells
Definition
Unspecialized myoblasts between the muscle fiber and endomysium
- Produce new muscle fibers to some degree in an injured muscle
Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
A resivoir of clacium ions with gated channels in its membrane that open at the right times to release a flood of calcum into the cytosol - activates the muscle contraction processForms a network around each myfibril

Triad-Transverse tubules run in between Terminal Cisternae
Term
Terminal Cisternae
Definition
Dilated end-sacs which cross the muscle fiber from one side to the other
Term
Transverse Tubules
Definition
Tubular infoldings which penetrate through the cell and emerge on the other side
-Signals SR when to release calcium bursts
Term
Myofilaments
Definition
Parallel protein microfilaments which combine in bundles to create myofibrils
-3 kinds: thick, thin, elastic
Term
Thick Filaments
Definition
Myofilament: 15 nm in diameter, composed of several hundred myosin, golf club shaped, half facing left/half right
Term
Thin filaments
Definition
Myofilament: 7 nm in diameter, composed of two intertwined fibrous actin, 40-60 tropomyosin
Term
Fibrous Actin
Definition
A protein in the form of a string of globular actin found in thin myofilaments
Term
Globular Actin
Definition
String of subunits which form Fibrous Actin
-Have an active site that can bind to the head of a myosin molecule
Term
Tropomyosin
Definition
In a relaxed muscle fiber this prtotein blocks the active sites of 6-7 G actins and prevents myosin from binding to them
Term
Toponin
Definition
Calcium-binding protein found on Tropomyosin proteins
Term
Elastic Filaments
Definition
Myofilament: 1 nm in diamenter, composed of huge springy titin protein, Flank tick filament and anchor it to a Z disc and M line
Term
Titin
Definition
Huge springy protein that flank thick filaments and anchor them to Z disc and M line
-Stabilizes the thick filament, center it between thin filaments, prevent overstretching, contributes to elastic recoil when the muscle relaxes
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