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Muscular System
Anatomy Muscular System
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Fascia

Definition

 

 

Layer of fibrous connective

tissue that encloses a muscle

Term

 

 

Tendon

Definition

 

 

Cordlike or bandlike mass of dense connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

Term

 

 

Aponeuroses

Definition

 

 

Sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone and other muscles

Term

 

 

Muscle

Definition

 

 

Organs composed of specialized cells that use the chemical energy stores in nutrients to exert a puling force on structures to which they are attached

Term

 

 

Epimysium

Definition

 

 

Layer of connective tissue that closely surounds a skeletal muscle

Term

 

 

Perimysium

Definition

 

 

Layer of connective tissue that extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle tissue into small sections

Term

 

 

Fascicles

Definition

 

 

Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers

Term

 

 

Endomysium

Definition

 

 

Layer of connective tissue in the form of a thin covering that fascicles lie in

Term

 

 

Deep fascia

Definition

 

 

Portion of the network that surrounds the muscles

Term

 

 

Subcutaneous fascia

Definition

 

 

Lies just beneath the skin and forms the subcutaneous layer

Term

 

 

Subserous fascia

Definition

 

 

Forms the connective tissue later of the serous membrances covering organs in various body cavities and lining of them

Term

 

 

Myofibrils

Definition

 

 

Any of the thread-like bundles of filaments in muscle cells

Term

 

 

Thick Filaments

Definition

 

 

Composed of the protein myosin

Term

 

 

Thin filaments

Definition

 

 

Composed of the protein actin

Term

 

 

Myosin

Definition

 

 

Protein that, with actin, causes muscle contraction

Term

 

 

Actin

Definition

 

 

A protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thin filaments that slide between filaments of the protein myosin, shortening the muscle fibers

Term

 

 

Sarcomere

Definition

 

 

Structual and functional unit of a myofibril

Term

 

 

Titin

Definition

 

 

Protein that attaches myosin filaments to z lines in muscle

Term

 

 

Troponin

Definition

 

 

Protein that functions with tropomyosin to block muscle contraction until calcium ions are present

Term

 

 

Tropomyosin

Definition

 

 

Protein that blocks muscle contraction until calcium ions are present

Term

 

 

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Definition

 

 

Membranous network of channels and tubules in a muscle fiber, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells

Term

 

 

Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

Definition

 

 

Membranous channel that extends deep into the cell from a muscle fiber membrane

Term

 

 

 

Cisternae

Definition

 

 

Enlarged portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum near the actin and myosin filaments of a muscle fiber

Term

 

 

Triad

Definition

 

 

Group of three structures; in muscle, two cristanae and a transverse tubule

Term

 

 

Synapse

Definition

 

 

Functional connection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or a membrane of another cell type

Term

 

 

Neurotransmiters

Definition

 

 

Chemical that an axon end secretes into a synapse

Term

 

 

Motor neurons

Definition

 

 

Neuron that conducts impulses from the central nervous system to an effector

Term

 

 

Neuromuscular junction

Definition

 

 

 

Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber; myoneural junction  

Term

 

 

Motor end plate

Definition

 

 

Specialized part of a muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction

Term

 

 

Synaptic cleft

Definition

 

 

A narrow extracellular space between the cells at a synapse

Term

 

 

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Definition

 

 

Type of nuerotransmiter, which is a biochemical secreted at the axon end of neurons and which acts on the postsynaptic cell, ACH 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Sliding filament model

Definition

 

 

Muscles shorten when the thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments slide past eachother pulling on the muscle ends

Term

 

 

ATPase

Definition

 

 

Enzyme that transfers the energy stored in terminal phosphate bonds of ATP molecules

Term

 

 

Acetylcholinesterase

Definition

 

 

Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine

 

 

Term

 

 

Creatine phosphate

Definition

 

 

Molecule in muscle that stores energy

Term

 

 

 

Myoglobin

Definition

 

 

Oxygen storing pigment in muscle tissue

Term

 

 

Lactic Acid Threshold

Definition

 

 

A shift in metabolism where anaerobic reactions break down glucose into pyruvic acid, which then reacts to produce lactic acid

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