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Muscular System
Overview of Muscular Tissues, Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle, Skeletal Muscle Activity, etc.
42
Anatomy
12th Grade
10/11/2012

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Term
muscle fibers
Definition
muscle cells
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; the muscle(s) attached to the body's skeleton; aka voluntary muscle
Term
striated muscle
Definition
muscle consisting of cross striped muscle fibers; includes cardiac and skeletal muscle
Term
voluntary muscle
Definition
muscle under control of the will; skeletal muscle
Term
endomysium
Definition
the thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell
Term
perimysium
Definition
the connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers
Term
fascicle
Definition
a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue
Term
epimysium
Definition
the sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle
Term
tendon
Definition
cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
Term
aponeurosis
Definition
fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
muscle consisting of spindle-shaped, nonstriated muscle cells; involuntary muscle
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
specialized muscle of the heart
Term
What are the four muscle functions
Definition
1)Producing movement 2)Maintaining posture 3)Stabilizing joints 4)Generating heat
Term
sarcolemma
Definition
plasma membrane in muscle cells
Term
sarcomere
Definition
the smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one Z disc to the next
Term
myofilament
Definition
filaments composing the myofibrils
Term
What are two types of myofilament?
Definition
1)actin 2)myosin
Term
myosin
Definition
one of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle; thick
Term
actin
Definition
a contractile protein of muscle; thin
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers
Term
motor unit
Definition
a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies
Term
axon
Definition
neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell
Term
neuromuscular junction
Definition
the region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell
Term
synaptic cleft
Definition
the fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons
Term
neurotransmitter
Definition
chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings
Term
action potential
Definition
an electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse polarity
Term
graded response
Definition
a response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus
Term
tetanus
Definition
(1) the tense, contracted state of a muscle; (2) an infectious disease
Term
aerobic
Definition
requiring oxygen to live or grow
Term
lactic acid
Definition
the product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle
Term
anaerobic
Definition
not requiring oxygen
Term
isotonic
Definition
having a uniform tension; of the same tone
Term
isometric
Definition
of the same length
Term
muscle tone
Definition
sustained partial ontraction of a muscle in response to stretch receptor inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are final products
Term
origin
Definition
attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction
Term
insertion
Definition
the movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin
Term
prime mover
Definition
muscle whose contractions are primarily responsible for a particular movement; agonist
Term
antagonists
Definition
muscles that act in opposition to an agonist or prime mover
Term
synergists
Definition
muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement
Term
fixators
Definition
muscles acting to immobilize a joint or a bone; fixes the origin of a muscle so that muscle action can be exerted at the insertion
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