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muscular system
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Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/17/2010

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Term
rectus femoris
Definition
extends knee, flexes thigh at hip; flexes trunk on hip if thigh is fixed
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
extends knee; retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
extends knee; retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements
Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
extends knee
Term
supraspinatus
Definition
abduct
Term
infraspinatus
Definition
lateral rotation
Term
subscapularis
Definition
medial rotation
Term
teres minor
Definition
lateral rotation
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk from stooping posture; laterally rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; laterally rotates femur when hip is extended; counteracts forward bending at hips
Term
semimembraneous
Definition
flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; medially rotates femur when hip is extended; counteracts forward bending at hips.
Term
semitendinous
Definition
flexes knee; medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; medially rotates femur when hip is extended; counteracts forward bending at hips
Term
iliocostalis
Definition
erector spinae; most lateral
Term
longissimus
Definition
erector spinae; in between iliocostalis and spinalis
Term
spinalis
Definition
erector spinae; most medial
Term
rectus sheath
Definition
surrounds rectus abdominis muscle
Term
linea alba
Definition
location where aponeuroses of lateral abdominal muscles converge
Term
thoracolumbar fascia
Definition
provides origin of lateral abdominal muscles
Term
inguinal ligament
Definition
thickening of the lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
Term
flexor and extensor retinacula
Definition
prevent "bowstringing"; carpal tunnel syndrome
Term
inguinal canal
Definition
4 cm long; hole in transversus abdominis and internal oblique and extermal oblique aponeurosis; passage for descent of testes
Term
rotator cuff
Definition
subscapularis-med rot
infraspinatus-lat rot
supraspinatus-abduct
teres minor- lat rot
Term
quad block
Definition
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
Term
hamstring block
Definition
biceps femoris
semimembraneous
semitendinous
Term
astrocytes
Definition
found in CNS
anchors neurons to blood vessels
control environment around neuron
Term
microglia
Definition
found in CNS
acts as a macrophage
Term
ependymal cells
Definition
found in CNS
form a permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid and extracellular fluid
Term
oligodendrocyte
Definition
found in CNS
produce myelin sheath around neuron fibers
help to insulate
Term
schwann cells
Definition
found in PNS
form myelin sheath along nerve fibers
Term
satellite cells
Definition
found in PNS
Term
ganglia
Definition
clusters of cell bodies in PNS
Term
nucleus
Definition
clusters of cell bodies in CNS
Term
nerve
Definition
bundles of processes in PNS
Term
tract
Definition
bundles of processes in CNS
Term
structural classification for neurons
Definition
multipolar
bipolar
unipolar/pseudounipolar
Term
functional classification of neurons
Definition
sensory/afferent
motor/efferent
Term
multipolar
Definition
3+ processes
many dendrite + 1 axon
most neurons of the brain and spinal cord
Term
bipolar
Definition
1 dendrite, 1 axon
only in special senses
Term
unipolar
Definition
pseudounipolar
start as bipolar
Term
sensory
Definition
afferent
signal TOWARD CNS
pseudounipolar
cell body located outside CNS
Term
motor
Definition
efferent
signal AWAY from CNS
multipolar
cell body INSIDE CNS
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