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Muscular System
Muscular system for massage therapy study
32
Anatomy
Not Applicable
01/27/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
myofibrils
Definition
fine, longitudinal fibers consisting of thick and thin myofilaments
Term
myofilament
Definition

The filaments of myofibrils constructed from proteins

 

thin filaments--protein actin

thick filaments--protein myosin (golf club shaped head binds to actin during contraction)

Term
endomysium
Definition
covers m. fibers
Term
perimysium
Definition
covers groups of m. fibers (fasciculi)
Term
fascicle
Definition
groups of m. fibers together, wrapped with perimysium
Term
epimysium
Definition
covers entire m. or organ
Term
sarcolemma
Definition
cell membrane of a m. cell, encasing cytoplasm and organelles of muscle tissue
Term
sarcoplasm
Definition
cytoplasm of m. cell, surrounds organelles of m. cells
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition

Similar to edoplasmic reticulum. Fluid filled system of cavities that contain sarcomeres. 

 

Stores and releases calcium ions for during contraction

Term
sarcomere
Definition

M. contractile unit, consisting of myosin, actin,

 

HAIZ (from center of cell to end of cell)

 

H-bands (contains myosin only),

A-bands (contains both myosin and actin)

I-bands (contains actin only)

Z-lines adjoin next sarcomere

 

Term
Name the defining ends of sarcomeres (m. fibers) 
Definition
Z-lines
Term
Functions of muscle tissue
Definition

External and Internal(organ movement) Mobililty

Heat production

Posture maintenance

Term
Muscle cell properties that give them ability to move
Definition

Excitability (respond to stimulus)

Contractility

Extensibility

Elasticity (ability to return to resting length after movement)

Term

1. Motor neuron

2. How many m. fibers do motor neurons connect to

3.  Motor unit

Definition

Sends impulses to m. cell for contraction or inhibited contraction

 

10 or 1000 m. fibers

 

motor neuron and all m. fibers it connects to

Term
motor end plate
Definition
motor neurons connect to folded sections of sarcolemma
Term
neuromuscular junction
Definition

the junction where motor neurons and motor end plates meet

 

The synapse is contained in this junction

Term
acetylcholine (ACh)
Definition

Principle neurotransmitter involved in m. contraction

 

ACh crosses synaptic cleft to the sarcolemma and binds with receptors sites on the motor end plate. 

 

Term
all-or-none response
Definition

If stimulus lacks sufficient intensity (subthreshold stimulus), m. contraction does not take place

 

Either all fibers contract, or no fibers contract.  Is true ONLY for motor units, not entire muscle.  Thousands of motor units make up a muscle.

 

When more strength is required, additional motor units are stimulated, resulting in a stronger m. contraction.

Term
Muscle recruitment
Definition
Process of motor unit activation based on need
Term
What is a chemical cause of a muscle spasm
Definition
Calcium leaks from sarcoplasmic reticulum w/out nerve stimulation, which can occur as a result of a m. tear.  Calcium triggers a contraction, setting up a spasm unless something flushes out the CA from the cells (massage!)
Term
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Definition

Energy producing compound, produced by body's cells when myosin bonds to actin within myfibrils creating m. contraction. ATP is then released, ready for the next contraction.

 

 

Term
another name for agonist
Definition
Prime mover
Term
Fixator
Definition
Muscles that stabilize a joint over which an prime mover exerts its action
Term
Reciprocal inhibition (Sherrington's Law)
Definition
When a nerve impulse causes a muscle to contract, it's antagonist receives impulses to relax
Term
Slow twitch muscle fibers
Definition

Red muscle

Good blood supply

Fatigue slowly

Produce ATP quickly to keep up with m. energy needed

Rich if oxygen

Term
Fast twitch muscle fibers
Definition

White muscle

Larger in diameter than slow twitch

Uses ATP quickly, causing rapid fatigue

Fast moving

Term
muscle spindle
Definition

A proprioceptor that is stretch sensitive, located within m. belly

When m. is quickly stretched (balistic), the m. spindle detect the sudden motion and an impulse is sent to contract to avoid overstretching and tearing

Term
Golgi tendon organ (GTO)
Definition

A proprioceptor in the musculotendinous junction.  Detect tension applied to tendon.  Nervous system responds by inhibiting m. contraction, allowing m. to relax and stretch. 

 

Prevents tearing by allowing the m. to use it's elastic capability to prevent tearing

Term
isotonic
Definition

dynamic movement.

 

tone is the same, but length changes

 

Involved concentric and eccentric contractions

Term
concentric contraction
Definition
contract m. while it's shortened
Term
eccentric contraction
Definition
contracting m. while it's lengthened
Term
isometric contractions
Definition
M. contracts, but length stays the same--there is no movement
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