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Muscular system
general muscle knowledge
48
Anatomy
Not Applicable
11/06/2005

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Term
origin
Definition
attachment to the immovable bone
Term
insertion
Definition
attach to movable bone
Term
prime movers
Definition
provide major force for producing a specific movement
Term
antagonist
Definition
oppose or reverse a particular movement
Term
synergist
Definition
add force to movement; reduce undesirable or unnessecary movement
Term
fuxator
Definition
synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle's origin
Term
functional muscle classifications
Definition
fuxator, synergists, antagonist, prime mover
Term
naming skeltal muscles
Definition
location, shape, size, direction, number of origins, location of attachments, action
Term
epicranius
Definition
occipitofrontalis- bipartite muscle consisting of frontalis, occipitalis, galea aponeurotica
Term
galea aponeurotica
Definition
cranial aponeurosis connecting above muscles
Term
sternocleidomastiod
Definition
prime mover of the head; origin-sternum and clavicle; insertion-mastoid process
Term
diaphram
Definition
prime mover of inspiration; flattens on contraction
Term
external intercostals
Definition
more superficial layer that lifts rib cage; allows inspiration
Term
internal intercostals
Definition
deeper layer that aids in forced expiration
Term
latissimus dorsi
Definition
prime mover of arm extension; origin-lumbar vertabrae and iliac crest; insertion-intertubercular groove of humerus
Term
rotator cuff muscles
Definition
supraspiatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapulaus; reinforce capsule of shoulder; act ad synergists and fixators
Term
deltoid
Definition
prime mover of arm abduction
Term
pectoralis major
Definition
prime mover of arm flexion; origin-clavicle and sternum; insertion-intertublercular groove of the humerus
Term
biceps brachii and brachialis
Definition
prime movers of forearm flexion; origin-coronoid process and glenoid cavity; insertion-radial tuberosity
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
acts as synergist; helps stabilize elbow
Term
triceps brachii
Definition
prime mover of forearm extension
Term
pronator teres
Definition
pronates the forearm
Term
supinator
Definition
supinates the forarm
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
dorsiflexion of the foot
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
plantar flexion of the footh
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
plantar flexion of the foot; origin-condycles of femor; insertion-calcaneous
Term
three types of muscle tissue
Definition
smooth, cardiac, skeletal; differ in structure location and means of activation
Term
prefixes
Definition
myo, mys, and sarco; all refer to muscle
Term
smooth muscle tissue
Definition
walls of hollow organs, not striated, maintain blood pressure and propels substaances through organs
Term
cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
contracts at steady rate set by hearts pacemaker; striated and involuntary; responsible for coursing blood through body
Term
skeletal muscle tissue
Definition
striated and voluntary; contracts rapidly and tires easily; responsible for all locomotion; maintain posture; stabilize joints; generate heat
Term
organizational layers of skeletal muscles
Definition
epimysium; muscle; perimysium; fasicle; endomysium; fiber(cell); myofibril; myofiliment
Term
muscles served by
Definition
one nerve, artery and vein
Term
indirect muscle attachment
Definition
connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis
Term
direct muscle attachment
Definition
epimysium is fused to the perimysium of the bone
Term
sarcomeres
Definition
smallest contractile unit of a muscle; region of a myofibril between 2 successive z discs; made up of myofiliments
Term
actin filament
Definition
extend across i band and partway into a band; contains the active sites to which myosin heads attach during contraction; tropomyosin and troponin
Term
z discs
Definition
anchors the thin filaments
Term
myosin
Definition
extend the entire length of an a band; thick filaments; rodlike tail; two globular heads form cross bridge
Term
h zone
Definition
thin filaments do not overlap thick filaments
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
elaborate endoplasmic reticulm; sorrounds each myofibril; paired terminale cisternae form perpendicular channels; functions in the regulation on intercellular calcium levels
Term
t tubules
Definition
continuous with the sarcolemma; conduct impulses to the deepest regions of the muscle; signals for the Ca2+ release from adjacent terminal cisternae
Term
triad
Definition
t tubules plus paired terminal cisternae
Term
contraction
Definition
actin filaments slide past myosin filaments; filaments overlap to a greater degree
Term
in order to contract a skeltal muscle must
Definition
be stimulated by a nerve ending; propagate an electrical current (action potential) along its sarcolemma; have a rise in intercellular Ca2+ levels
Term
Nerve stimulus of skeltal muscle
Definition
stimulated by motor neurons; axon forms neuromuscular junction; neuromuscular junction formed from axon terminal (ach)and sarcolemma (contains ach receptors) and synaptic cleft (small space between axon termial and sarcolemma)
Term
propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma
Definition
when nerve impulse reaches the end of axon- ach is released in synaptic cleft, ach binds the sarcolemma to initiate action potential in the muscle
Term
action potential in the muscle
Definition
propagated along the sarcolemma; travels down t tubules; triggers Ca2+ release from terminal cisternae
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