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Muscular for An. Lecture Exam 2
Muscular for An. Lecture Exam 2
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/31/2010

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Term
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Definition
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
Term
Where does skeletal muscle attach to?
Definition
Bone, skin, or fascia
Term
What does skeletal muscle look like?
Definition
Striated w/ light and dark bands.
Term
What control does skeletal muscle have?
Definition
Voluntary control.
Term
Functions of muscle tissue:
Definition
Movement, Stabilization of body positions, Regulation of organ volumes, Transportation of substances within the body, Production of heat.
Term
The bands of smooth muscle that regulate organ volumes are called...
Definition
...sphincters.
Term
Sentence for properties of muscle tissue?
Definition
Every Cool Cat Eats Eggs.
(Excitability, Conductivity, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity.)
Term
What are the properties of muscle tissue?
Definition
Excitability, Conductivity, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity.
Term
Sentence for functions of muscle tissue...
Definition
Marimbas Sleep Right Through Practice
(Movement, Stabilization of body positions, regulation of organ volumes, Transportation of substances within the body, Production of heat.)
Term
superficial fascia
Definition
SkM: loose connective tissue and fat underlying skin
Term
deep fascia
Definition
SkM: dense irregular connective tissue around muscle
Term
components of connective tissue of muscle
Definition
SkM: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Term
epimysium
Definition
SkM: connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
Term
perimysium
Definition
SkM: surrounds bundles (fascicles) of 10-100 muscle cells
Term
endomysium
Definition
SkM: separates individual muscle cells
Term
bundles of skeletal muscle cells
Definition
fascicles
Term
All of the connective tissue layers of skeletal muscle extend beyond the _____ ________ to form the ____.
Definition
muscle belly; tendon
Term
Each SkM cell is supplied by...
Definition
a nerve, artery, and 2 veins.
Term
Each ___ ____ supplies multiple cells.
Definition
SkM: motor neuron
Term
NMJ
Definition
SkM: neuromuscular junction
Term
What structures, found in the endomysium between individual cells, supply each SkM?
Definition
one motor neuron terminal branch and 1-2 capillaries
Term
What are two other names for neuromuscular junction?
Definition
SkM: Synapse, myoneural junction
Term
What does the neuromuscular junction look like?
Definition
SkM: The end of the neuron's axon nears the surface of a muscle fiber at its motor end plate region; the structures remain separated by a synaptic cleft/gap.
Term
motor end plate region
Definition
SkM: where the axon nears the surface of a muscle fiber
Term
What separates the axon from a muscle fiber's motor end plate region?
Definition
SkM: synaptic cleft/gap
Term
Origins tend to be...
Definition
medial + proximal, diffuse/spread out, stationary.
Term
Insertions tend to be...
Definition
lateral + distal, focused, the part that moves.
Term
What term do some anatomists prefer over "origin" and "insertion"?
Definition
attachment points
Term
synergists
Definition
other muscles that help the prime mover / agonist.
Term
antagonists
Definition
relax while agonists contract, and vice versa
Term
fixator
Definition
prevents another bone from moving while the prime mover acts on a bone
Term
What do SkM cells look like?
Definition
long, cylindrical, multinucleated; they contain many myofibrils.
Term
What is the outside covering of a SkM cell called?
Definition
sarcolemma
Term
What substance is between all the myofibrils in a SkM cell?
Definition
sarcoplasm
Term
What does sarcoplasm contain (besides the myofibrils)?
Definition
myoglobin
Term
Myoglobin
Definition
oxygen-binding protein; found in the sarcoplasm of a SkM cell.
Term
Transverse tubules
Definition
=invaginations of the sarcolemma into the center of the cell. Filled with extracellular fluid; carry muscle action potentials down into cell.
Term
Mitochondria in SkM cell
Definition
lie in rows throughout the cell near the proteins that use ATP during contraction.
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
SkM: system of tubular sacs around myofibrils
-stores Ca+2 in a relaxed muscle
-release of Ca+2 triggers muscle contraction
Term
myofibrils
Definition
threads in muscle fibers separated by sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
myofilaments
Definition
"thick and thin" filaments; contractile proteins of muscle
Term
What creates striations in SkM?
Definition
Thick and thin filaments overlapping each other.
Term
I bands are _____ , A bands are _______ .
Definition
light; dark
Term
I band region only contains ____ filaments.
Definition
_ band region only contains thin filaments.
Term
sarcomeres
Definition
compartments of thick and thin filaments
Term
Sarcomeres are separated by....
Definition
Z discs.
Term
Thick and thin filaments are arranged in compartments called ___________ , separated by ________.
Definition
______ and _______ ______________ are arranged into ___________ called sarcomeres, ___________ by Z discs.
Term
How many thin filaments surround each thick filament in the overlap region?
Definition
6
Term
What are the supporting proteins that help anchor the thick and thin filaments in place?
Definition
M line, titin, Z disc.
Term
What microscope is used to see I and A bands?
Definition
an electron microscope
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