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Muscles -- Lower Limb
For Anatomy Exam 2
202
Anatomy
Graduate
10/09/2013

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Term
Gluteus Maximus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium - External Surface Posterior to Posterior Gluteal Line
Sacrum - Dorsal Surface
Coccyx - Dorsal Surface
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Term
Gluteus Maximus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Iliotibial Tract
Femur - Gluteal Tuberosity
Term
Gluteus Maximus
-Innervation
Definition
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Term
Gluteus Maximus
-Action
Definition
Hip Extension and Lateral Rotation
Term
Gluteus Medius
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium - External Surface between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines
Term
Gluteus Medius
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Greater Trochanter
Term
Gluteus Medius
-Innervation
Definition
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Term
Gluteus Medius
-Action
Definition
Hip Abduction and Medial Rotation
Keeps Pelvis Level When Opposite Limb is Raised
Term
Gluteus Minimus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium- External Surface Between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines
Term
Gluteus Minimus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Greater Trochanter
Term
Gluteus Minimus
-Innervation
Definition
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Term
Gluteus Minimus
-Action
Definition
Hip Abduction and Medial Rotation
Keeps Pelvis Level When Opposite Limb is Raised
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium - Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, Iliac Crest
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Iliotibial Tract
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
-Innervation
Definition
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
-Action
Definition
Hip Flexion, Abduction, and Medial Rotation
Term
Piriformis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Sacrum - Ventral Surface
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Term
Piriformis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Greater Trochanter
Term
Piriformis
-Innervation
Definition
Ventral Rami of S1-S2 Spinal Nerves
Term
Piriformis
-Action
Definition
When Hip Extended--Hip Lateral Rotation
When Hip Flexed--Hip Abduction
Term
Obturator Internus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Obturator Membrane - Medial Surface and Surrounding Bones
Term
Obturator Internus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Greater Trochanter
Term
Obturator Internus
-Innervation
Definition
Nerve to Obturator Internus
Term
Obturator Internus
-Action
Definition
When Hip Extended--Hip Lateral Rotation
When Hip Flexed--Hip Abduction
Term
Gemelli Superior and Inferior
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Gemellus Superior: Ischium - Ischial Spine
Gemellus Inferior: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Gemelli Superior and Inferior
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Greater Trochanter
Term
Gemelli Superior and Inferior
-Innervation
Definition
Gemellus Superior-- Nerve to Obturator Internus
Gemellus Inferior--Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Term
Gemellis Superior and Inferior
-Action
Definition
When Hip Extended--Hip Lateral Rotation
When Hip Flexed--Hip Abduction
Term
Quadratus Femoris
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Quadratus Femoris
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Quadrate Tubercle
Term
Quadratus Femoris
-Innervation
Definition
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Term
Quadratus Femoris
-Action
Definition
Hip Lateral Rotation
Term
Semitendinosus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Semitendinosus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Proximal Medial Surface
Term
Semitendinosus
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Term
Semitendinosus
-Action
Definition
Hip Extension and Medial Rotation
Knee Flexion and Medial Rotation when knee flexed
Term
Semimembranosus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Semimembranosus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Posterior Surface of Medial Condyle
Term
Semimembranosus
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Term
Semimembranosus
-Action
Definition
Hip Extension and Medial Rotation
Knee Flexion and Medial Rotation when knee flexed
Term
Biceps Femoris
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Long Head: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Short Head: Femur - Linea Aspera and Lateral Supracondylar Line
Term
Biceps Femoris
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Fibula - Head
Term
Biceps Femoris
-Innervation
Definition
Long Head: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Short Head: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve
Term
Biceps Femoris
-Action
Definition
Long Head: Hip Extension and Lateral Rotation when hip and knee extended

Knee Flexion and Lateral Rotation when knee flexed
Term
Pectineus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Pubis - Superior Ramus
Term
Pectineus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Pectineal Line
Term
Pectineus
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Pectineus
-Action
Definition
Hip Adduction and Flexion
Assists with Medial Rotation
Term
Sartorius
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium - Anterior Superior Iliac Spine; Superior Part of Notch Inferior to Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Term
Sartorius
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Proximal Medial Surface
Term
Sartorius
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Sartorius
-Action
Definition
Hip Flexion, Abduction, and Lateral Rotation
Knee Flexion and Medial Rotation (Tibia on Femur)
Term
Psoas Major
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
TV12-LV5 - Bodies, Intervertebral Discs, Transverse Processes
Term
Psoas Major
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with Tendon of Iliacus)
Term
Psoas Major
-Innervation
Definition
Ventral Rami of L1-L3 Spinal Nerves
Term
Psoas Major
-Action
Definition
Hip Flexion
Term
Iliacus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium - Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa
Sacrum - Ala
Anterior Sacroiliac Ligaments
Term
Iliacus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with Tendon of Psoas Major)
Term
Iliacus
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Iliacus
-Action
Definition
Hip Flexion
Term
Superficial Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata
Term
Deep Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Definition
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemelli Superior and Inferior
Quadratus Femoris
Term
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
Definition
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris
Term
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
Definition
Pectineus
Sartorius
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major, Psoas Minor, Iliacus)
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Term
Muscles of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh
Definition
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
Term
Muscles of the Quadriceps
Definition
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Term
Rectus Femoris
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Ilium - Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine; Superior to the Acetabulum
Term
Rectus Femoris
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Base of the Patella
Tibial Tuberosity (via Patella Ligament)
Term
Rectus Femoris
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Rectus Femoris
-Action
Definition
Hip Flexion
Knee Extension
Term
Vastus Lateralis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Greater Trochanter; Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera
Term
Vastus Lateralis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Base of the Patella
Tibial Tuberosity (via Patella Ligament)
Term
Vastus Lateralis
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Vastus Lateralis
-Action
Definition
Knee Extension
Term
Vastus Medialis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Intertrochanteric Line; Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
Term
Vastus Medialis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Base of the Patella
Tibial Tuberosity (via Patella Ligament)
Term
Vastus Medialis
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Vastus Medialis
-Action
Definition
Knee Extension
Term
Vastus Intermedius
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Anterior and Lateral Surfaces of the Body
Term
Vastus Intermedius
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Base of the Patella
Tibial Tuberosity (via Patella Ligament)
Term
Vastus Intermedius
-Innervation
Definition
Femoral Nerve
Term
Vastus Intermedius
-Action
Definition
Knee Extension
Term
Adductor Longus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Pubis - Body Inferior to Pubic Crest
Term
Adductor Longus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Middle Part of Linea Aspera
Term
Adductor Longus
-Innervation
Definition
Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Term
Adductor Longus
-Action
Definition
Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion
Term
Adductor Brevis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Pubis - Body; Inferior Ramus
Term
Adductor Brevis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Pectineal Line; Proximal Part of Linea Aspera
Term
Adductor Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Term
Adductor Brevis
-Action
Definition
Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion
Term
Adductor Magnus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Adductor Part:
Pubis - Inferior Ramus
Ischium - Ramus

Hamstrings Part:
Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Term
Adductor Magnus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Adductor Part:
Femur - Gluteal Tuberosity; Linea Aspera; Medial Supracondylar Line

Hamstrings Part:
Femur - Adductor Tubercle
Term
Adductor Magnus
-Innervation
Definition
Adductor Part: Posterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Hamstrings Part: Tibial Part of Sciatic Nerve
Term
Adductor Magnus
-Action
Definition
Hip Adduction

Adductor Part: Hip Flexion
Hamstrings Part: Hip Extension
Term
Gracilis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Pubis - Body; Inferior Ramus
Term
Gracilis
-DIstal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Proximal Medial Surface
Term
Gracilis
-Innervation
Definition
Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Term
Gracilis
-Action
Definition
Hip Adduction and Flexion when Knee Extended
Knee Flexion and Medial Rotation (Tibia on Femur)
Term
Obturator Externus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Obturator Membrane - Lateral Surface; Surrounding Bones
Term
Obturator Externus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Trochanteric Fossa
Term
Obturator Externus
-Innervation
Definition
Posterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Term
Obturator Externus
-Action
Definition
Hip Lateral Rotation
Term
Tibialis Anterior
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Lateral Condyle; Proximal to Middle Lateral Surface
Interosseous Membrane
Term
Tibialis Anterior
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Medial Cuneiform
1st Metatarsal - Base
Term
Tibialis Anterior
-Innervation
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve
Term
Tibialis Anterior
-Action
Definition
Ankle Dorsiflexion
Foot Inversion
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Lateral Condyle
Fibula - Proximal to Middle Medial Surface
Interosseous Membrane
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits - Extensor Expansions
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
-Innervation
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
-Action
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits Interphalangeal and Metatarsaophalangeal Joint Extension
(Ankle Dorsiflexion)
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Fibula - Middle Anterior Surface
Interosseous Membrane
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Great Toe - Distal Phalanx - Base
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
-Innervation
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
-Action
Definition
Great Toe Interphalaneal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Extension
(Ankle Dorsiflexion)
Term
Fibularis Tertius
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Fibula - Distal Anterior Surface
Interosseous Membrane
Term
Fibularis Tertius
-Distal Attachment
Definition
5th Metatarsal - Base
Term
Fibularis Tertius
-Innervation
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve
Term
Fibularis Tertius
-Action
Definition
Ankle Dorsiflexion
Foot Eversion
Term
Fibularis Longus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Fibula - Head; Proximal to Middle Lateral Surface
Term
Fibularis Longus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
1st Metatarsal - Base
Medial Cuneiform
Term
Fibularis Longus
-Innervation
Definition
Superficial Fibular Nerve
Term
Fibularis Longus
-Action
Definition
Foot Eversion
Weak Ankle Plantarflexion
Term
Fibularis Brevis
-Proximal Attachmnet
Definition
Fibula- Middle to Distal Lateral Surface
Term
Fibularis Brevis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
5th Metatarsal - Tuberosity
Term
Fibularis Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Superficial Fibular Nerve
Term
Fibularis Brevis
-Action
Definition
Foot Eversion
Weak Ankle Plantarflexion
Term
Gastrocnemius
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Lateral Head: Femur - Lateral Condyle
Medial Head: Femur - Superior to Medial Condyle
Term
Gastrocnemius
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus - Posterior Surface via Calcaneal Tendon
Term
Gastrocnemius
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Gastrocnemius
-Action
Definition
Ankle Plantarflexion When Knee is Extended
Knee Flexion
Term
Soleus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Fibula - Head; Proximal Posterior Surface
Tibia - Soleal Line; Medial Border
Term
Soleus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus - Posterior Surface via Calcaneal Tendon
Term
Soleus
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Soleus
-Action
Definition
Ankle Plantarflexion
Term
Plantaris
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Lateral Supracondylar Line
Oblique Popliteal Ligament
Term
Plantaris
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus - Posterior Surface via Calcaneal Tendon
Term
Plantaris
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Plantaris
-Action
Definition
Weakly Assists Gastrocnemius
Term
Popliteus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Femur - Lateral Condyle
Lateral Meniscus
Term
Popliteus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Posterior Surface Proximal to Soleal Line
Term
Popliteus
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Popliteus
-Action
Definition
Weakly Flexes Knee
Unlocks Knee
-Tibia Unfixed: Rotates Tibia Medially
-Tibia Fixed: Rotates Femur Laterally
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Fibula - Middle to Distal Posterior Surface
Interosseous Membrane
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Great Toe - Distal Phalanx - Base
(Tendinous Slip to Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus)
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
-Acion
Definition
Great Toe Interphalangeal and Metotarsophalangeal Joint Flexion
(Lateral 4 Digits Interphalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion)
(Weak Ankle Plantarflexion)
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Tibia - Posterior Surface Distal to Soleal Line
Fibula via a Broad Tendon
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits - Distal Phalanges - Bases
(Tendinous Slip to Tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus)
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
-Action
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits Interphalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion
(Great Toe Interphalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion)
(Ankle Plantarflexion)
Term
Tibialis Posterior
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Interosseous Membrane
Tibia - Posterior Surface Distal to Soleal Line
Fibula - Posterior Surface
Term
Tibialis Posterior
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Navicular - Tuberosity
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Calcaneus - Sustentaculum Tali
Metatarsals 2-4 - Bases
Term
Tibialis Posterior
-Innervation
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
Tibialis Posterior
-Action
Definition
Ankle Plantarflexion
Foot Inversion
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
-Action
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits Interphalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Extension
Term
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus
Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
Term
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Great Toe - Proximal Phalanx - Base
Term
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve
Term
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
-Action
Definition
Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint Extension
Term
Abductor Hallucis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity
Flexor Retinaculum
Plantar Aponeurosis
Term
Abductor Hallucis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Great Toe - Proximal Phalanx - Base
Term
Abductor Hallucis
-Innervation
Definition
Medial Plantar Nerve
Term
Abductor Hallucis
-Action
Definition
Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint Abduction and Flexion
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity
Plantar Aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Medial Plantar Nerve
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
-Action
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits Proximal Interphalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal joint Flexion
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus - Medial and Lateral Tubercles of Tuberosity
Plantar Aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
-Distal Attachment
Definition
5th Digit - Proximal Phalanx - Base
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
-Innervation
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Abductor Digiti MInimi
-Action
Definition
5th Digit Metatarsophalangeal Joint Abduction and Flexion
Term
Quadratus Plantae
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Calcaneus
Term
Quadratus Plantae
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Flexor Digitorum Longus - Tendons
Term
Quadratus Plantae
-Innervation
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Quadratus Plantae
-Action
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits Interphalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion
Term
Lumbricals
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Flexor Digitorum Longus - Tendons
Term
Lumbricals
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits - Extensor Expansions - Medial Aspect
Term
Lumbricals
-Innervation
Definition
Medial One: Medial Plantar Nerve
Lateral Three: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Lumbricals
-Action
Definition
Lateral 4 Digits Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion and Interphalangeal Joint Extension
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Cuboid
Lateral Cuneiform
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Great Toe - Proximal Phalanx - Base
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Medial Plantar Nerve
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
-Action
Definition
Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion
Term
Adductor Hallucis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
Oblique Head: 2nd-4th Metatarsals - Bases
Transverse Head: Plantar Ligaments of Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Term
Adductor Hallucis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
Great Toe - Proximal Phalanx - Base
Term
Adductor Hallucis
-Innervation
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Adductor Hallucis
-Action
Definition
Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint Adduction
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
5th Metatarsal -Base
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
-Distal Attachment
Definition
5th Digit - Proximal Phalanx - Base
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
-Innervation
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
-Action
Definition
5th Digit Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexion
Term
Plantar Interossei
-number and pennation
Definition
3 Unipennate muscles
Term
Plantar Interossei
-Proximal Attachment
Definition
3rd-5th Metatarsals - Medial Sides
Term
Plantar Interossei
-Distal Attachment
Definition
3rd-5th Digits - Proximal Phalanges - Bases
Term
Plantar Interossei
-Innervation
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Plantar Interossei
-Action
Definition
3rd-5th Digit Adduction Toward Axial Line
Lateral 3 Digit MTP Joint Flexion
Term
Dorsal Interossei
-number and pennation
Definition
4 bipennate muscles
Term
Dorsal Interossei
-Distal Attachment
Definition
1st Interosseus: 2nd Digit - Proximal Phalanx - Medial Side

2nd-4th Interossei: 2nd-4th Digits - Proximal Phalanges - Lateral Sides
Term
Dorsal Interossei
-Innervation
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Dorsal Interossei
-Action
Definition
2nd-4th Digit Abduction from Axial Line
2nd-4th Digit MTP Joint Flexion
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