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Muscles
muscle actions, insertions, origins
64
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/22/2010

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Term
Frontalis
Definition
Origin: epichronal aponeurosis

Insertion: skin of eyebrow & bridge of nose
Term
orbicularis oculi
Definition
Action: closes eye

Origin: medial margin of orbit

Insertion: skin around eyelids
Term
orbicularis oris
Definition
Action: compresses, purses lips

Origin: maxilla & mandible

Insertion: lips
Term
buccinator
Definition
Action: compresses cheeks

Origin:alveolar process of maxilla & mandible

Insertion:blends into fibers of orbicularis oris
Term
zygomaticus major
Definition
Action: smiling

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: angle of mouth
Term
zygomaticus minor
Definition
Action: raises upper lip

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: upper lip
Term
depressor anguli oris
Definition
Action: depresses corners of mouth

Origin: anterolateral surface of mandible

Insertion:skin @ angle of mouth
Term
mentalis
Definition
Action: protrudes lower lip, wrinkles skin on chin

Origin: anterior surface of mandible

Insertion: skin of chin
Term
masseter
Definition
Action: protrudes mandible

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: lateral surface of mandibular ramus
Term
temporalis
Definition
Action: elevates mandible to close jaw, retrudes (move backward) mandible

Origin: temporal bone

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Term
genioglossus
Definition
Action: depresses and contracts tongue muscles

Origin: medial surface of mandible

Insertion: tongue
Term
hyoglossus
Definition
Action: depresses tongue

Origin: hyoid bone

Insertion: tongue
Term
styloglossus
Definition
Action: elevates and retracts tongue

Origin: styloid process

Insertion: tongue
Term
sternocleidomatoid
Definition
Action: flexion & lateral flexion of neck, rotates head so the face is turned superiorly and to the opposite side
Origin: manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone near mastoid process
Term
rectus abdominus
Definition
Action: stabilizes pelvis while walking
Origin: pubic crest, pubic sympahsis
Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Term
external oblique
Definition
Action: rotation and lateral flexion of trunk
Origin: external surfaces of inferior 8 ribs
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest
Term
internal oblique
Definition
Action: same as external oblique
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal filament
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Term
transversus abdominus
Definition
Action: increases abdominal pressure during forced expiration
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, costal cartilages or inferior 6 ribs, iliac crest
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest
Term
thoracolumbar fascia
Definition
a broad sheet covering deep back muscles in the thoracic and lumbar regions
Term
rectus sheath
Definition
formed by the aponeuroses of the three oblique muscles, forms a fascial enclosure for the rectus abdominus
Term
linea alba
Definition
a midline fibrous cord that separates the two muscles of the rectus abdominus
Term
erector spinae
Definition
Action: extension of vertebral column and head, lateral flexion of vertebral column and head, maintains normal curvature of vertebral column
Term
serratus anterior
Definition
Action: protraction and superior rotation of scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall
Origin: external surfaces of ribs 1-8
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Term
pectoralis minor
Definition
(deep to major)
Action: depression and inferior rotation of scapula
Origin: external surfaces of ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid procss of scapula
Term
pectoralis major
Definition
Action: flexion, medial rotation, and adduction of the arm
Origin: medial half of clavicle; sternum; costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove on humerus
Term
lattismus dorsi
Definition
Action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm
Origin: spinous processes of T6-12l thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; inferior 3 ribs
Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Term
trapezius
Definition
Action: superior fibers elevate scapula; middle fibers retract scapula, inferior fibers depress scapula
Origin: posterior surface of occipital bone; spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process; spine of scapula
Term
levator scapulae
Definition
Action: elevates scapula; acts with pectoralis minor to inferiorly rotate scapula
Origin: transverse processes of C1-4
Insertion: medial border of scapula near superior angle
Term
rhomboids (major & minor)
Definition
Actions: same as levator scapulae, also retracts scapula
Term
deltoid
Definition
Actions: anterior fibers- medial rotation and flexion of arm; middle fibers- abduction of arm; posterior fibers- lateral rotation and extension of arm; anterior & posterior fibers work together to adduct the arm
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process; spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Term
supraspinatus
Definition

Deep to the Trapezius

Action: abduction of arm Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Term
infraspinatus
Definition
Action: lateral rotation of arm
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Term
biceps brachii (long head)
Definition
Action: flexion and supination of forarm; flexion of arm
Origin: superior margin of glenoid fossa of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius, fascia of medial forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Term
biceps brachii (short head)
Definition
Action: same as long head
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: same as long head
Term
brachialis
Definition
Action: flexion of forarm
Origin: anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: coronid process of ulna
Term
coracobrachialis
Definition
Action: flexion and adduction of arm
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial surface of humerus
Term
triceps brachii
Definition
Action: extension of forearm, long head extends and adducts the arm
Term
pronator tares
Definition
Action: pronation and flexion of the forearm
Term
flexor carpi radialis
Definition
Action: flexion and abduction of wrist
Term
flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
flexion and adduction of the wrist
Term
palmaris longus
Definition
flexion of the wrist
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
flexion of forearm
Term
extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
extension and abduction of wrist
Term
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
extension and abduction of the wrist
Term
extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
extension and adduction of the wrist
Term
extensor digitorum
Definition
extension of wrist and fingers
Term
gluteus maximus
Definition
extension & lateral rotation of thigh, powerful extensory for climbing & running, stabilizes pelvis & thigh while standing erect
Term
rectus femoris
Definition
extension of leg; flexion of thigh
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
extension of leg
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
extension of leg
Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
extension of leg
Term
sartorius
Definition
rexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of thigh; flexion of leg
Term
tensor faciae latae
Definition
flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh; steadies trunk on thigh while standing
Term
adductor magnus (adductor & hamstring parts)
Definition
adduction & flexion of thigh; extension of thigh
Term
adductor longus
Definition
adduction & flexion of thigh
Term
adductor brevis
Definition
adduction and flexion of thigh
Term
gracilis
Definition
adduction of thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg
Term
biceps femoris
Definition
extension of thigh; flexion of leg
Term
semitendinosus
Definition
extension of thigh; flexion of leg
Term
semimembranosus
Definition
extension of thigh; flexion of leg
Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Term
fibularis (peroneus) longus
Definition
dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
plantar flexion of foot; flexion of leg
Term
soleus
Definition
plantar flexion of foot
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